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This chapter synthesizes the current state of knowledge in problemposing research and suggests questions and directions for future study. We discuss ten questions representing rich areas for problem-posing research: (a) Why is problem posing important in school mathematics? (b) Are teachers and students capable of posing important mathematical problems? (c) Can students and teachers be effectively trained to pose high-quality problems? (d) What do we know about the cognitive processes of problem posing? (e) How are problem-posing skills related to problem-solving skills? (f) Is it feasible to use problem posing as a measure of creativity and mathematical learning outcomes? (g) How are problem-posing activities included in mathematics curricula? (h) What does a classroom look like when students engage in problem-posing activities? (i) How can technology be used in problem-posing activities? (j) What do we know about the impact of engaging in problem-posing activities on student outcomes?

In this study, we used problem posing as a measure of the effect of middle-school curriculum on students' learning in high school. Students using a Standards-based curriculum in middle school performed equally well or better than students who used more traditional curricula in high school. The findings from this study not only show evidence of strengths one might expect of students who used the Standards-based reform curriculum, but also bolster the feasibility and validity of problem posing as a measure of curriculum effect on student learning. In addition, the findings of this study demonstrate the usefulness of employing a qualitative rubric to assess different characteristics of students' responses to the posing tasks. Instructional and methodological implications of this study, as well as future directions for research are discussed.

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