Abstract. An overview is presented of the design of a 10 GeV laser plasma accelerator (LPA) that will be driven by a PW-class laser system and of the BELLA Project, which has as its primary goal to build and install the required Ti sapphire laser system for the acceleration experiments The basic design of the 10 GeV stage aims at operation in the quasi-linear regime, where the laser excited wakes are largely sinusoidal and offer the possibility of accelerating both electrons and positrons Simulations show that a 10 GeV electron beam can be generated in a meter scale plasma channel guided LPA operating at a density of about 10 17 cm 3 and powered by laser pulses containing 30-40 J of energy in a 50-200 fs duration pulse, focused to a spotsize of 50-100 micron The lay-out of the facility and laser system will be presented as well as the progress on building the facility
The paper discusses the approaches for the design and manufacturing of morphing skins based on square-shaped composite corrugated laminates and proposes a novel solution to integrate in the skin an elastomeric cover to prevent detrimental effects of corrugation on aerodynamic performances. Additionally, more complex corrugated shapes are presented and analysed. Design and manufacturing issues related to the production of corrugated laminates are discussed in detail, considering stiffness requirements derived from previously performed aeroelastic analyses of a morphing concept. A solution is proposed to integrate an elastomeric cover in the corrugated skin and a manufacturing process is presented and assessed. Moreover, a fully non-linear numerical model is developed and characterized to study the behaviour of this skin concept in different load conditions. Finally, configurations based on combination of square-shaped corrugated panels are considered. Their structural properties are numerically investigated by varying geometrical parameters. Performance indices are defined to compare structural stiffness contributions in non-morphing directions with the ones of conventional panels of the same weight. The overall results validate the design approaches and manufacturing processes to produce corrugated laminates and indicate that the solution for the integration of an elastomeric cover is a feasible and promising method to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency of corrugated skins. Numerical studies 2 also show that the extension of the concept to complex corrugated shapes may improve both the design flexibility and some specific performances with respect to simple corrugations.
Unlike hinged flaps (e.g. ailerons, elevator and rudder), camber morphing devices vary camber distribution in a smooth and continuous way, resulting on aerodynamic efficiency improvements due to the absence of surface discontinuities. One such camber morphing concept, the Fish Bone Active Camber (FishBAC) device, has shown significant aerodynamic benefits when compared to a flap. A 2D wind tunnel test was performed to further investigate the FishBAC's behavior in terms of its aerodynamic performance and the size and structure of the shed wake. To establish a direct comparison, a hinged flap was also tested under equivalent flow conditions. A combination of quasi-steady force balance and wake rake pressure measurements were used to determine aerodynamic force coefficients. Additionally, these measurements are complemented by a flow visualization study performed using Particle Image Velocimetry, where a visual comparison on the size and vortical structure of the near field wakes was conducted. Results show that the FishBAC achieves at least 16% higher aerodynamic efficiency than the flap.
Unlike hinged flaps (e.g. ailerons, elevator and rudder), camber morphing devices vary camber distribution in a smooth and continuous way, resulting in aerodynamic efficiency improvements due to the absence sharp changes in airfoil camber. One such camber morphing concept, the Fish Bone Active Camber (FishBAC) device, has shown significant aerodynamic benefits when compared to a flap. In this work, a quasi-2D wind tunnel test was performed to investigate the aerodynamic performance of a FishBAC device and compare it to a trailing edge plain flap. A combination of quasi-steady force balance and wake rake pressure measurements were used to determine aerodynamic force coefficients. These measurements are complemented
This paper introduces a new modular Fish Bone Active Camber morphing wing with novel 3D printed skin panels. These skin panels are printed using two different Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) formulations: a soft, high strain formulation for the deformable membrane of the skin, reinforced with a stiffer formulation for the stringers and mounting tabs. Additionally, this is the first FishBAC device designed to be modular in its installation and actuation. Therefore, all components can be removed and replaced for maintenance purposes without having to remove or disassemble other parts. A 1m span, 0.27m chord morphing wing with a 25% chord FishBAC was built and tested mechanically and in a low-speed wind tunnel. Results show that the new design is capable of achieving the same large changes in airfoil lift coefficient (approximate ΔCL≈0.55) with a low drag penalty seen in previous FishBAC work, but with a much simpler, practical and modular design. Additionally, the device shows a change in the pitching moment coefficient of ΔCM≈0.1, which shows the potential that the FishBAC has as a control surface.
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