Acetone is a chemical found naturally in the environment, and acetone poisoning can occur through contact with household products that contain acetone, including nail polish removers, paint removers, some polishes, as well as certain detergents and cleaners. Acetone toxicity affects almost all body systems, including the nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. The incidence of life-threatening medical problems from acetone exposure is very rare. However, in this report, we present a case of acetone toxicity resulting in death. Our patient presented with cardiopulmonary arrest, hypotension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, acute kidney injury (AKI), thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and extensive esophageal and gastric erosion with associated upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

The majority of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recover from the illness after suffering mild to moderate symptoms, while approximately 20% progress to severe or critical disease, which may result in death. Understanding the predictors of severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients will help to risk stratify patients and improve clinical decision making. US data to inform this understanding are, however, scarce. We studied predictors of COVID-19 mortality in a cohort of 1,116 hospitalized patients in Southern California in the United States. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients admitted at two hospitals in Southern California United States between March 2020 and March 2021. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of the relationship between mortality and other variables such as demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory values were performed, with a p-value of 0.05 considered as significant. ResultsThe analysis involved 1,116 COVID-19 patients, of which 51.5% were males and 48.5% were females. Of the 1,116 patients, 81.6% were whites, 7.2% were blacks, and 11.2% were other races. After adjusting for covariables, age (p<0.001), admission to intensive care unit (p< 0.001), use of remdesivir (p=0.018), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p<0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p=0.039) were independently associated with mortality in our study. Gender, race, body mass index, presence of co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and use of steroid, statin, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers were not associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis. ConclusionIn the cohort we studied, admission to intensive care unit was associated with decreased mortality while older age, use of remdesivir, and high levels of CRP and LDH were associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.

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Background Antiviral agents, such as remdesivir, have shown promising results in helping reduce the morbidity and healthcare burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. However, many studies have reported a relationship between remdesivir and bradycardia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between bradycardia and outcomes in patients on remdesivir. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 2,935 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to seven hospitals in Southern California in the United States between January 2020 and August 2021. First, we did a backward logistic regression to analyze the relationship between remdesivir use and other independent variables. Finally, we did a backward selection Cox multivariate regression analysis on the sub-group of patients who received remdesivir to evaluate the mortality risk in bradycardic patients on remdesivir. Results The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years; 56% were males, 44% received remdesivir, and 52% developed bradycardia. Our analysis showed that remdesivir was associated with increased odds of bradycardia (odds ratio (OR): 1.9, P < 0.001). Patients that were on remdesivir in our study were sicker patients with increased odds of having elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR: 1.03, P < 0.001), elevated white blood cell (WBC) on admission (OR: 1.06, P < 0.001), and increased length of hospital stay (OR: 1.02, P = 0.002). However, remdesivir was associated with decreased odds of mechanical ventilation (OR: 0.53, P < 0.001). In the sub-group analysis of patients that received remdesivir, bradycardia was associated with reduced mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR): 0.69, P = 0.002). Conclusions Our study showed that remdesivir was associated with bradycardia in COVID-19 patients. However, it decreased the odds of being on a ventilator, even in patients with increased inflammatory markers on admission. Furthermore, patients on remdesivir that developed bradycardia had no increased risk of death. Clinicians should not withhold remdesivir from patients at risk of developing bradycardia because bradycardia in such patients was not found to worsen the clinical outcome.