Objective: To describe the Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Indonesian preschool children based on biopsychosocial risk factors. Material and Methods: This research is an analytic observational with a cross sectional design toward 506 preschool children aged 2-6 years at East Luwu Regency, Indonesia. The biopsychosocial data studied were gender, ethnicity, personal hygiene, child psychology, age, nutritional status, and dental and oral health behavior. These data were obtained through a questionnaire and clinical examination (nutritional status). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed. The statistical tests were performed at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Characteristics of respondents based on parents' origin, found that the majority of respondents were parents from Bugis tribes (68.4%) with ECC frequency of 72.2%. Regarding the visit to the dentist, 12.6% were afraid of the dentist, with ECC frequency of 71.9%. Most children had normal nutritional status (67%) with ECC frequency of 69.3%. Biopsychosocial factors, which significantly affect the Early Childhood Caries, were parents' tribe (p=0.022) and age (p=0.011). There was an association between ECC with brushing teeth before going to bed (p=0.049), use of mouthwash (p=0.002) and consumption of snacks (p<0.001). Conclusion: Biopsychosocial factor indicators are affect the Early Childhood Caries towards Indonesian preschool children.
Objective: To know the activity of resistance of flavonoid content in ant nest plant in decreasing the number of colonies S. mutans oral cavity of children as a medic herbal material. Material and Methods: The subjects were plaque sample of 20 children aged 7-12 years. Research begins by making toothpaste from ant nest extract. Samples of children's dental plaque were inserted into BHIB media, after which incubated for 24 hours, 1/10 dilution with BHIB media three times, followed by TYC media planting and incubation of anaerob with temperature 37 0 C for 48 hours. After that then count the number of colonies of S. mutans. Results: On ethyl acetate extract of ant nest incubated at room temperature with concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% obtained a decrease from each treatment amount of Streptococcus mutans colony on TYC media with median value of each treatment was 89, 67, 64, 61, 59 and 51 for the ethyl acetate fraction, and 62, 61, 60, 59, 49 at the ethanol fraction. There was no significant difference between the six concentration groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Flavonoids extract of ant nest plants have growth barrier on Streptococcus mutans bacteria, the greater the concentration given the greater the number of S. mutans colony.
Objective: To evaluate the determinant factors of dental caries in Indonesian children aged 8-12 years. Material and Methods: This study was observational and analytical with a cross-sectional design. A total of 114 children were selected using simple random sampling technique. Primary data was obtained from a questionnaire about tooth brushing habits, the use of toothpaste containing fluoride and cariogenic eating habits and data of dental caries obtained from direct observed by a dentist. Univariat data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate data were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Results: The results obtained by 44.8% fair category of children who have toothbrushing habits, use of toothpaste containing fluoride was 100%, and 71% middle category children who have cariogenic eating habits. The most consumed cariogenic food was ice cream with 76.3% participants consumed it one to three times a week. The most eaten cariogenic foods every day in this sample were syroup/pop ice soft drink (42.1%). No significant association between gender and dental caries incidence was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is significant association between tooth brushing habits with dental caries in Indonesian children aged 8-12 years at primary school in district of East Luwu Regency Tomoni.
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