Lifestyle changes are defined as changes that alter various lifestyle-related behaviors such as diet, physical activity, sexual behavior, smoking, alcohol consumption, substance use, and other behaviors not otherwise defined as psychopathology. Lifestyle changes may often relate to other comorbid mental and/or physical health conditions such as substance abuse disorders, obesity, asthma, sexually transmitted diseases, depression, and anxiety. DescriptionDiet/Physical Activity Obesity and overweight account for a substantial portion of medical care costs in the United States. Current research suggests that approximately two thirds of the population in the United States qualifies as overweight (body mass index between 25.1 and 29.9) or obese (body mass index >30; Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2017). These rates are often attributed to lifestyle factors including unbalanced diet and lack of physical exercise/activity. Little research has been done to effectively measure the direct health-care cost benefits of modifying these lifestyle factors. However, one recent projection estimated that by altering diet alone (i.e., decreasing caloric intake by 100 kcal/day, saturated fat by 5 g/day, and sodium by 400 mg/day), national health-care costs could potentially be cut by $60 billion to $120 billion per year (Dall et al. 2010).Interventions on diet and physical activity have traditionally focused on cognitive behavioral approaches intended to produce weight loss and increased physical activity. Overweight and obese individuals experience increased risk of several mental and physical health problems including cardiovascular disease, depression symptoms, sleep problems, diabetes, and others (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010). In general, empirical research has shown a trend for 5-10% weight loss during the course of treatment, followed by subsequent relapse and weight gain
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