Filamentous fungi have been widely utilized in various fields of biotechnology for the production of fermented foods, organic acids, enzymes/proteins, pigments, antibiotics, and so on. Fungi are usually cultivated either by submerged liquid cultures, such as shake‐flask cultures (SFC) and cultures using an agitated vessel, or by solid‐substrate cultures (SSC) using natural agricultural products. Although fungi cultivated by SSC usually produce a much larger amount of enzymes and some secondary metabolites than those cultivated by submerged liquid cultures, SSC may have several problems/difficulties. To overcome the disadvantages of SSC, we developed a cultivation method called
membrane‐surface liquid culture
(
MSLC
). This article reviews the characteristics and principles of MSLC in comparison with conventional cultivation methods, apparatus/cultivation systems, and various experimental results.
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