Blockchain provides the possibility to design new types of applications and systems that allow their users to store data in a secure and transparent way. In this paper, we design a fully verifiable online electronic voting protocol using a blockchain. Our e-voting protocol, called VYV for Verify-Your-Vote, involves cryptographic primitives based on Elliptic-Curve Cryptography (ECC), pairings and Identity Based Encryption (IBE). It ensures the following privacy and security properties: only eligible voter can vote, authentication of the voter, vote privacy, receipt-freeness, fairness, individual and universal verifiability. Furthermore, we formally prove the security of our protocol, using ProVerif tool.
With the immutability property and decentralized architecture, Blockchain technology is considered as a revolution for several topics. For electronic voting, it can be used to ensure voter privacy, the integrity of votes, and the verifiability of vote results. More precisely permissioned Blockchains could be the solution for many of the e-voting issues. In this paper, we start by evaluating some of the existing Blockchain-based e-voting systems and analyze their drawbacks. We then propose a fully-decentralized e-voting system based on permissioned Blockchain. Called DABSTERS, our protocol uses a blinded signature consensus algorithm to preserve voters privacy. This ensures several security properties and aims at achieving a balance between voter privacy and election transparency. Furthermore, we formally prove the security of our protocol by using the automated verification tool, ProVerif, with the Applied Pi-Calculus modeling language.
Coercion resistance is the most effective property to fight coercive attacks in Internet elections. This notion was introduced by Juels, Catalano, and Jakobsson (JCJ) at WPES 2005 together with a voting protocol that satisfies such a stringent security requirement. Unfortunately, their scheme has a quadratic complexity (the overhead for tallying authorities is quadratic in the number of votes) and would therefore not be suitable for large scale elections. Then the factor of complexity is very important to practice a voting system on large scale elections. Another drawback of this scheme, is that the mixnet deals Ballots which contain a fake credential. Adding the electronic watermarking on the Ballots could reduce the number of operations in the computing phase. The similarity between valid and fake watermarked ballots and the removal of fake watermarked ones, can reduce the number of Ballots in Input of mixnet. We can use the algorithm proposed by Walton in JCJ scheme to ensure integrity of Ballot and specifically the property of coercion resistance. The scheme of JCJ could be practical if we use watermarking and reduce complexity of computing.
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