A new type of leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) as the base structure is proposed in this paper. The structure consists of an array of slot, antenna designed to operate in X band applications from 8 to 12 GHz. HMSIW preserves nearly all the advantages of SIW whereas its size is nearly reduced by half. The antenna radiates one main beam that can be steered from the backward to the forward direction by changing frequency. Keyword:Leaky wave antenna Half Mode substrate integrated Waveguide X-Band CST Copyright © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.All rights reserved.Corresponding Author: INTRODUCTIONSubstrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW) is used for transmission of Electromagnetic waves. They are planar structures belonging to the family of Substrate Integrated Circuits. Because of their planar nature, they can be fabricated on planar circuits like Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) and can be integrated with other planar transmission lines like microstrips. They retain the low loss property of their conventional metallic waveguides and are widely used as interconnection in high speed circuits, filters, directional couplers, antennas.The SIW consists of two linear metallic connected via dielectric substrate with a height of h. The electromagnetic fields within the SIW are confined by these metallic via arrays [1].A more compact guided wave structure called half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) has recently been proposed [2], [3], which preserves nearly all the advantages of SIW whereas its size is nearly reduced by half. The transverse slotted rectangular waveguide is a simple structure that works as a leaky-wave antenna having frequency beam-scanning capability, with an orthogonal polarization from the conventional travelling-wave slotted antenna. Because of the polarization, the transverse slotted rectangular waveguide can scan from near broadside to end fire if the waveguide is filled with a dielectric material [4].Due to their superior frequency-scanning capability and ease of feeding, leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) possess certain advantages over conventional antenna arrays. A high-gain LWA can be achieved by simply extending its physical length, which can result in a compact size especially in millimeter-wave applications. Furthermore, LWAs can be designed to exhibit both forward and backward beam steering by incorporating metamaterials into their unit cells [5], [6]. Nevertheless, the frequency-scanning capability of metamaterial-based LWAs is not suitable for more common fixed-frequency applications. Thus, there has been considerable interest in tunable scan angle LWAs [7].
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