We carried out this study with the purpose of contributing on the effects of the proteic desnutrition on the morphological aspects and quantitative analysis of the neurons in the myenteric plexus of the ascending colon of adult Rattus norvegicus. Twenty adult rats were divided into two groups: in one of them, we offered a normal ration with proteic level of 22% (control group) and in the other, a ration with a proteic level of 8% (experiment group) during 120 days. We did the whole-mount preparations for the ascending colon and stained them with the Giemsa technique and the histochemical technique of NADH-diaphorase. The rats with proteic desnutrition showed a body weight, on average, to be 35.1% less than those of the control group, and the colon was on average, 26.8% shorter and 6.7% narrower. Thus, it was to be expected that the colon of animals with proteic desnutrition had a neuronal density 31.62% greater than the rats of the control group. Nevertheless, the difference with the Giemsa technique was on average 18.4%, demonstrating a mean neuronal loss of 13.25%.
-The effects of acute diabetes on the density and size of the myenteric neurons of the proximal colon of adult rats were investigated. The injection of streptozotocin was followed by a period of observation of seven days, during which the diabetic animals showed weight loss, excessive food and water intake, large urinary debt and hyperglicemia. The whole-mounts from the proximal colon were stained with the techniques of Giemsa and of the NADH-diaphorase, and the employment of these techniques made it possible to verify a decrease on the neuronal density and on the cell body size of the myenteric neurons in the colon of the diabetic rats. These observations were discussed in terms of the pathophysiology of the diabetes and the experimental protocol.KEY WORDS: acute diabetes, myenteric neurons, proximal colon.Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos Efeitos morfoquantitativos do diabetes agudo sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos RESUMO -Foram investigados os efeitos do diabetes agudo sobre a densidade e o tamanho dos neurônios mioentéricos do colo proximal de ratos adultos. À injeção de estreptozootocina seguiu-se um período de observação de sete dias, durante os quais os animais diabéticos apresentaram perda de peso, ingestão excessiva de alimento e água, grande débito urinário e hiperglicemia. Os preparados de membrana do colo proximal foram corados pelas técnicas de Giemsa e da NADH-diaforase. A aplicação dessas técnicas permitiu constatar uma redução da densidade neuronal e do tamanho do corpo celular dos neurônios mioentéricos no colo dos ratos diabéticos. Essas observações foram discutidas em termos da patofisiologia do diabetes e do protocolo experimental. The research on the changes induced by experimental diabetes on the several tissues and organs of laboratory animals is quite large. Among those systems under investigation are the gastrointestinal tract and its intrinsic enteric nervous system, the neuronal network responsible for the control of the activities of the bowel. It is reported, for instance, that the myenteric neurons of the stomach, duodenum and cecum are numerically reduced in diabetes 1-3 , and that specific neurochemical groups show response patterns to diabetes which depend on the intestinal segment and the duration of the diabetic state 4-7 . These neuronal changes, as well as those associated to the autonomic innervation of the gut 8-10 , stand among the responsible by the clinical gastrointestinal symptoms of diabetes [11][12][13] . PALAVRAS-CHAVERecently, we described an increase in the NADHdiaphorase positive myenteric neuronal population in the duo...
-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the morphological and quantitative alterations of the myenteric plexus neurons of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetes and compare them to those of non-diabetic animals. Samples from the body of the stomach were used for wholemount preparations stained with NADH-diaphorase and for histological sections stained with hematoxylineosin. It was observed that diabetes cause a significant decrease on the number of neurons.KEY WORDS: myenteric plexus, diabetes, rat.Estudo quantitativo do plexo mientérico do estômago de ratos com diabetes induzido por estreptozootocina RESUMO -A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações morfológicas e quantitativas dos neurônios do plexo mientérico do estômago de ratos com diabetes induzido por estreptozootocina e estabelecer uma comparação com animais não diabéticos. Amostras do corpo do estômago foram submetidas a preparados de membrana corados pelo método da NADH-diaforase e a cortes histológicos corados por hematoxilinaeosina. Observou-se que o diabetes provoca significante redução no número de neurônios. Diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition in which several physiological abnormalities are observed, such as neuropathies that affect the central nervous system, the peripheral nerves and the autonomic nervous system 1 . Streptozotocin-induced diabetes causes a cycle of events in the nerve cells of the myenteric plexus that begins within one to three days, with the development of chromatolysis followed by regenerative changes over the next six weeks, with some continuous, albeit occasional, ganglionic degeneration 2 ; changes in the innervation of the ileum and colon 3 are reported, as well as a decrease on the neuronal activity 4 . Studies on streptozotocininduced diabetic rats have emphasized the alterations that occur in the small and large intestines. However, it should be remembered that alterations in the neurons of the myenteric plexus, in addition to changing intestinal peristalsis, can affect stomach motility, leading to dilation and retarded gastric emptying, interfering with the coordination between stomach and duodenum and impairing the digestive process 5 . PALAVRAS-CHAVEIn a diabetic ketonuric Chinese hamsters examination of the gastrointestinal tract was observed that the animals had distention and atony of the stomach and intestines when compared with control animals 6 . In humans, among the clinical manifestations of autonomic neuropathy, there is motor impairment of the stomach, which can lead to anorexia, nausea, vomiting and persisting fullness, characterizing gastric debilitation 1,5 . It is also noteworthy that diabetic gastric atony is similar to that observed after vagotomy 5 .Considering the extensive development of the myenteric plexus and its importance for the control of gastric and intestinal functions, and suspecting that diabetes may affect these neurons, in this way contributing to the gastric disturbances, we undertook the present study to determine ...
-We carried out this study with the purpose of analyzing the density of neurons of the myenteric plexus in the mesenteric, intermediate and antimesenteric regions of the ileum of rats. We conclude that there is a variation of neuronal density around the intestinal circumference and this fact independs on the technique used to stain the neurons, and that in a single region the neuronal density varies with the technique employed. We also call attention for the identification of the site were countings were carried out, so that the results of research in this area are not compromised.KEY WORDS: myenteric plexus, Giemsa, NADPH-diaphorase, NADH-diaphorase, acetylcholinesterase, rat, ileum.Diferenças regionais no número e tipo de neurônios mientéricos do íleo de ratos: comparação entre técnicas de evidenciação neuronal RESUMO -Realizamos este estudo com o objetivo de analisar a densidade de neurônios do plexo mientérico nas regiões mesentérica, intermediária e antimesentérica do íleo de ratos. Empregamos preparados de membrana corados por 4 diferentes técnicas. Através de contagens sob microscópio óptico em uma área de 8,96 mm 2 encontramos com as técnicas de Giemsa, histoquímica da NADH-diaforase, NADPH-diaforase e acetilcolinesterase, respectivamente as seguintes médias neuronais: região mesentérica 2144, 40±161,05, 1657,80±88,23, 473,80±19,62, 905,25±22,40; região intermediaria 1790,60±128,24, 1265,20±141,17, 371,30±27,84, 770,25±33,12; região antimesentérica 1647,0±76,67, 981,80±68,04, 298,50±22,75, 704,50±69,38. Concluimos que há uma variação na densidade neuronal ao redor da circunferência intestinal, e este fato independe da técnica utilizada para marcar os neurônios, e que em uma mesma região, a densidade neuronal varia com a técnica utilizada. Também chamamos a atenção para que seja indicado o local onde as quantificações serão realizadas, para que não haja comprometimento dos resultados em pesquisa nesta área.
-The aims of this work were to evaluate the effects of the deficient ingestion of protein and vitamin B on the biochemical and hematologic parameters and on the NADH-and NADPH-diaphorase positive myenteric neurons. The control animals (n=10) received commercial chow and the experimental rats (n=10) received chow with protein level reduced to 8% during 120 days. At the time of killing blood was collected for assessment of the blood and hematologic parameters and the ascending colon for quantitative analysis of the neurons of the myenteric plexus. It was observed that the reduction of the protein level to 8% coupled to the reduction of the levels of vitamin B in adult rats neither led to qualitative or quantitative changes on red or white blood cells, nor decreased globulin levels, induced the formation of edema or gave rise to clinical signs typical of protein or vitamin B deficiency. On the other hand, the experimental protocol led to less weight gain, change on the body composition with fat deposition; decrease of the values of serum total protein and albumin; reduction of the area of colon and density of nitrergic and NADH-diaphorase myenteric neurons inferior to the expected.KEY WORDS: enteric neurons, proteic desnutrition, ascending colon, hematology, vitamin B.Efeitos da deficiência de proteínas e vitamina B sobre parâmetros sanguíneos e neurônios mioentéricos do colo de ratos adultos RESUMO -Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar as repercussões da ingestão deficiente de proteínas e vitaminas do complexo B sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos e neurônios mientéricos NADH e NADPH-diaforase positivos. Os animais controle (n=10) receberam ração comercial e os animais experimentais (n=10) ração com teor protéico reduzido para 8% durante 120 dias. Durante o sacrifício, coletou-se o sangue dos animais para avaliação de parâmetros sanguíneos e hematológicos e o colo ascendente para a análise quantitativa dos neurônios do plexo mioentérico. Observou-se que a redução do teor de proteínas na dieta para 8% associado a redução no teor de vitaminas do complexo B em ratos adultos, não causa alterações qualitativas e quantitativas das células sanguíneas das séries vermelha e branca, não leva a redução do valor da globulina nem a formação de edema ou ao surgimento de sinais clínicos característicos das carências de proteínas e vitaminas do complexo B. Por outro lado causa: menor ganho de peso corporal; alteração da composição corporal com acúmulo de gordura; redução nos valores de proteína total e albumina; redução na área do colo e evidenciação de densidade de neurônios nitrérgicos e NADH-diaforase positivos inferior ao esperado.PALAVRAS CHAVE: neurônios entéricos, desnutrição protéica, colo ascendente, hematologia, vitamina B. The utilization of animal models in studies of food restriction with known and controlled diets has as an advantage the improved knowledge about the many aspects of the human desnutrition 1 . Research on desnutrition aimsat simulating natural conditions, which involve deficienc...
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