Background Although the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test (SST) is a widely used odor test, aplicability of odor tests is limited because of the high cost of the test and the regional‐cultural differentiation of odor recognition. We aimed to evaluate our regional odor norms by applying the SST with a Modified odor test (MOT) we created for this study, and to develop a test similar to the SST, which was less expensive and probably had a higher odor definition for our region. Methods This study includes 201 healthy volunteers: 91 men and 110 women over the age of 18 were included in the study. Tests were compared by applying the SST and MOT to all volunteers. Results In all subjects, for the SST: the mean Threshold score (TS), Discrimination score (DS), and Identification score (IS) were, respectively, 10.73 ± 2.35, 11.11 ± 11.94 and 11.32 ± 2.15. TheTDI mean score was found to be 33.11 ± 5.9. In the TDI score, the 10th percentile value was found to be 26. For the MOT, the mean TS(mTS), DS(mDS), and IS(mIS) were 10.88 ± 2.31, 12 ± 2.06, and 11.95 ± 2.07, respectively, the modified test TDI(mTDI) mean was 34.68 ± 6.47. The mTDI 10th percentile value was found to be 26. In all volunteers, there was no statistically significant difference between the two tests for the mean threshold score, while the difference in the mean discrimination score, the average identification score, and the average TDI (thresold, discrimination, sum of identification scores) score was statistically significant (P < .01). Conclusion This study is the first study to compare the SST and the MOT in our region. Making low‐cost modifications by adding more probable smells to the smell tests and using them in studies involving more participants will be more meaningful in evaluating normative odor scores and will result in more widespread use.
BACKGROUND: The number of patients presenting with sudden onset and persistant anosmia and other olfactory disorders, which is a finding related to coronavirus disease has been increased considerably. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of olfactory training in patients with persistent anosmia after Covid-19 infection. METHODS: Forty-six patients who applied for sudden loss of smell after Covid-19 infection and still had olfactory disorders were included in the study. Odor threshold and odor identification tests were performed on the patients before the treatment. As olfactory training, 4 scent bottles included the following groups: phenyl ethyl alcohol, eucalyptol group, citronellal group and eugenol group were given to patients and patients instructed to sniff the odors twice a day, for 5 seconds each, when they woke up in the morning and before they went to sleep and make a daily check that they applied the treatment. Patients who continued the training for 12 weeks were re-evaluated with the odor threshold test and odor identification test. RESULTS: The pre-training mean olfactory threshold score of the patients was 1.65±1.74, and the post-training mean olfactory threshold score was 3.89±2.73. It was observed that the olfactory threshold scores increased significantly after the olfactory training (p
Background/Aims: Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (TFNAB) is an effective and convenient evaluation method. It is the gold standard in preoperative evaluation. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is a standardized evaluation system that has been widely used all over the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate the compatibility of the TFNAB results, which we evaluated according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Methods: The data of 333(236 female, 97 male) patients, who underwent TFNAB between January 2020 and January 2022, were collected retrospectively. Their Bethesda categories, ages, and gender characteristics were recorded. Results: The mean age for the 333 patients included in the study was 46.46 ± 14.53 for the female patients and 50.19 ± 10.06 for the male patients. When all patients were examined, Nondiagnostic (B1), Benign (B2)were the most common cytologies. While benign cytology was observed at an earlier age, the suspicion of malignancy or the incidence of malignant cytology increased as the mean age of the patients increased. Conclusion: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is a widely accepted and reliable benchmark around the world in the evaluation phase of the cytopathological examination. In this study, we examined the cytopathological evaluation results of the patients who underwent thyroid FNAB at our center according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. In terms of diagnostic cytology, we recommend aultrasonography-guided biopsy performed by an experienced clinician.
Purpose Studying the effect of Mesna on middle ear otitis media and cholesteatoma induced by propylene glycol on an experimental animal model. Methods The study was designed to consist of sixteen Wistar albino rats, their right ears being the control group and left ears being the experiment group. %50 propylene glycol, gentamicinsulfate and physiologic salt water were applied to the right ear and %50 propylene glycol, gentamicinsulfate and %20 Mesna were administered to the left ear through intratympanic injections on days 1, 3, 8, 15 and 21. The rats were sacrificed 45 days after the first injection and underwent histopathological examination. Results It was seen that cholesteatoma and fibrosis were less common in the experiment group in microscopic evaluation. A statistically significant decrease was observed when the average and maximum thicknesses of the tympanic membranes and the minimum thicknesses of the tympanic bulla of the control group and the experiment group were compared. (p< 0.05) Conclusion In the experimental cholesteatoma model created in rats, no statistical significance was observed, indicating that Mesna, which was applied intratympanically, completely prevented the formation of cholesteatoma. However, it was found that the prevalence of cholesteatoma formation was microscopically less in the experimental group.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.