As a lower level of the image processing, image enhancement is the preparatory stage of the image processing. Its target is to improve the visual effects and purposeful emphasis the whole or part characteristic of the graphics in the designated applications to enlarge the difference between the different objects in the graphics. So it can meet the requirement of some special analysis. This paper introduced some representative algorithms of image enhancement: contrast enhancement, histogram equalization, smoothing filter, median filter, the ideal low pass filter, butter worth low filter, the ideal high pass filter, butter worth high filter and homomorphic filter. At last, the enhanced image by use of different methods were threshold segmentation and edge extraction, the results were compared to identify suitable methods for X-ray bone image enhancement algorithms.Keywords-image enhancement;histogram equalization X-ray; bone fracture image; homomorphic filter I. I NTRODUCTIONImage in the collection process will inevitably be under the influence of various factors such as: sensor sensitivity, noise and ADC quantization, which led to the image can not achieve satisfactory results, so in order to better research on image, made on the original image to improve the behavior of highly targeted, called image enhancement. The algorithm can be divided into spatial and frequency domain algorithm. Processing algorithm based on spatial gray level directly to do computing. The algorithm is based on frequency domain image of a transform domain transformation on the image for a correction coefficient, is an indirectly enhanced algorithms. As the purpose of image enhancement are highly subjective, and enhance the results of the merits of the standard mostly determined with the subjective observer, there is no universal quantitative standard, so in the practical application of image enhancement in the different specific applications, there is a variety of enhancement algorithms to choose from. For this reason, only through several of the image enhancement algorithm in-depth, systematic research, compare, find out the advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding application occasions, this is the subject of the purpose and significance of the study. II. THE IMAGE ENHANCE OF SPACE DOMAINA. Contrast enhancementContrast enhancement, also known as contrast stretching to enhance image contrast is enhanced between the various parts of the original image contrast, the basic 978-1-4244-7956-611 0/$26.00 ©20 1 0 IEEE idea is to improve the image processing gray level dynamic range, that is, the original image by increasing the intensity of a two dynamic range between the value achieved. Figure 1 is a typical change in contrast enhancement, can be seen from the figure 1, the original image's gray value from 0 to s 1 and s2 to the L-l reduces the dynamic range between, and in between s 1 and s2 increased dynamic range, so that the contrast within the reach of the enhancement effect, in which the s 1, s2, r1, r2 can be achieved with the di...
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