The Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) is a swarm based technique, inspired from mating and food searching process of butterflies, developed in last year. Experiments indicate that BOA provides substantial exploration capability on conventional non-constrained benchmark problems, however for the cases with more complex and noisy domains the algorithm can easily be trapped into local minima due to its restricted exploitation behavior. To tackle this issue, current study deals with introducing an alternative search strategy to explore the region of the search domain with high certainty. Such that, firstly a weighted agent is defined and then a quadratic search is performed in the vicinity of this pre-defined agent. This alternative search strategy is named as Enhanced Quadratic Approximation (EQA) and it is combined with BOA method to improve its exploitation behavior and provide an efficient search algorithm. Thus, obtained new method is named as Enhanced Quadratic Approximation Integrated with Butterfly Optimization (EQB) algorithm. Different properties of proposed EQB are tested on mathematical and structural benchmark problems. Acquired results show that the introduced algorithm, in comparison with its parent method and some other well-stablished reported algorithms in the literature, provides a competitive performance in terms of stability, accuracy and convergence rate.
Historical masonry arch bridges are one of the most important structures that convey the cultural heritage of past civilizations to the present. Historical masonry arch bridges were one of the most important elements of transportation and architecture in the past. These structures can be damaged by many natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, etc. from the past to the present. It is necessary to carry out the necessary studies in order to protect these bridges as they were built and to transfer them safely to future generationsIt is clear that determining the earthquake behavior of these bridges, which are exposed to different geometrical properties, materials and loading conditions, will increase the effectiveness of the strengthening works to be done. In this study, the seismic behavior of the Uşak Clandras Bridge, which is a historical masonry arch bridge, was investigated by linear and non-linear time history analysis. Firstly, the 3D model of the masonry bridge was created with the Abaqüs program. To simulate the more real behavior of the structure, a detailed survey was carried out. For the characteristic features of the materials used in the bridge, studies in the literature were taken into consideration. Acceleration records of 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake were used in dynamic analyses.
Steel braces are used in steel frames system, in order to resist lateral loads such as seismic and wind. In this study, the contributions of eccentr ic steel braces on low-rise structures, among the brace types defined in the regulations, are discussed in against the lateral loads in steel structures. For this purpose, the 3-and 5-storey structures, which were designed as a non-braced frame system, were redesigned using eccentric braces defined in the literature. The appearance of the sample buildings in the plan is identical and there are 8 spans in the X direction and 4 spans in the Y direction in the modeled structures. Models; non-braced steel frame, eccentric diagonal brace, eccentric V brace and eccentric inverted V brace were added and analyzed. Considered sample structures; The total weight of the structure, the maximum lateral displacement value and the period values of the structures were compared. In the analysis and design of buildings; Turkey Building Earthquake Regulation (TBDY 2018), Principles for the Design, Calculation and Construction of Steel Structures (ÇYTHYE), TS-498, TS EN 1991-1-3 and TS EN 1991-1-4 standards were used. Structural analyzes were made with the SAP2000 program. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the eccentric braces used had a positive effect on the lateral displacement of the structure.
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