The lignocellulolytic microbial systems from different parts of the world responsible for lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) like jute (Corchorus spp.) waste degradation, fiber modification, and bioenergy production are not limited to a specific prokaryotic or eukaryotic group. The industrial applications of these highly efficient bacterial, fungal and algal communities are related to the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, lignin-peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, laccase, thermostable oxidants, pectinase, etc. They are a blessing for the jute, dye, paper, pulp, and biofuel industries as they help to generate a sustainable ecosystem. The jute plant is lignocellulosic biomass so it can be utilized in various ways, from everyday goods to power generation. Jute industries generally use different physicochemical strategies to generate quality fiber and post-retting activities, but these approaches cannot produce desired products; hence microbial routes are best for quality fiber generation, waste remediation, and biofuel generation. To this end, this review summarizes the most important milestones of the development of the leading enzyme-producing cell factories and their engineering by genetic, metabolic, and synthetic biology approaches with the emergence of high throughput methods, such as site-directed mutagenesis and others that can analyze the relevant mutations to accelerate our understanding of lignocellulolytic enzymology.
This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology (NCB4EBT-2021) Organized by the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India held on 29–30 January 2021. This conference is the first of its kind organized by NIT-W which covered an array of interesting topics in biotechnology. This makes it a bit special as it brings together researchers from different disciplines of biotechnology, which in turn will also open new research and cooperation fields for them.
The present research work was carried out on isolating lignocellulolytic enzyme-producing natural bacterial isolates of the Sundarban Mangrove ecosystem in West Bengal, India. Multiple bacterial isolations and qualitative as well as quantitative screening of the isolates was conducted by selective media plates and dye decolorization assay. Growth characterization of the top three isolates, namely GD1, GD2, and GD3, was determined in both nutrient broth and selective media. GD1 showed laccase activity in ABTS plate and decolorized congo red, malachite green, and methylene blue by 64.82%, 47.69%, and 33.33%, respectively, which is the inherent property of laccase. Along with the maximum laccase activity (9.72U/L), it also showed a little amount of cellulase (5.8U/ml) and pectinase (0.55U/ml) activity in the enzyme assay. GD2 showed maximum cellulase activity (6.56U/ml) with only 3.3% degradation of congo red and 39.43% degradation of malachite green. Like GD1, GD2 also bears 5.6U/L laccase and 0.12U/ml pectinase enzyme activity. The last isolate, GD3 specialized in pectinase production and having 4.4U/ml enzyme activity, degraded congo red by 66.75% and malachite green by 54.26%.All isolates showed activity between 30° and 37°C, and pH ranges from 4.5 to 7. The outcomes of this research will be useful in the fiber industry like jute or banana, dye industry, pulp-paper industry, and textile industry for waste remediation, recycling, and fiber modification.
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