Background: Iran is located in Asian esophageal cancer belt, with age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of approximately 7 per 100,000 for both men and women. To provide potential solution recommendations for achieving accurate estimations regarding the burden of the disease in Iran, we designed a study to assess the burden of esophageal cancer in Iran during 1995-2015 by collecting data from the Global Burden of Disease studies.
Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) during 1995-2015, which were published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. For this purpose, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), incidence, and prevalence rate were applied to report burden of esophageal cancer based on gender and age group in Iran during 1995-2015. The Cochran-Armitage and t test were used to assess statistical significance. Stata Version 13 and Excel 2016 were used for data analysis.
Results: During 1995-2015, in total, 304 102 DALYs (179 562 for males vs. 124 540 for females) were attributed to esophageal cancer in Iran. In both genders and all ages, the number of DALYs increased significantly from 45 018 in 1995 to 74 399 in 2015.
Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is still a public health issue in Iran. Most of DALYs were due to years of life lost (YLL), suggesting the need for prevention, early detection, and screening programs. P-value was statistically significant just between male and female groups (p<0.05).
Ameloblastoma is an invasive odontogenic tumor, and for reconstruction, iliac graft and dental implants play an important role. This article evaluates the application of hybrid prostheses, clinical steps, and complications related to this treatment.
Objectives: Endocrown restorations were introduced for endodontically treated teeth as a conservative treatment. However, data about the effect of preparation design on marginal integrity and fracture resistance of endocrowns are lacking. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of preparation design of endocrown restorations on marginal integrity and fracture resistance.
Materials and Methods: Based on PICO question and the search terms, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched. After including studies matched to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the extracted data were tabulated in a table provided by the authors. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of each included study independently. Ten articles were selected for extracting the quantitative data. All included studies were in vitro. The potential risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the modified MINORS scale.
Results: Four studies assessed the marginal adaptation, five studies evaluated the fracture resistance and just one investigated both the marginal integrity and fatigue resistance of the specimens. The evaluated influencing items in preparation design were as follows: cavity depth, occlusal thickness, ferrule effect, internal divergence angle, type of finish line, and adding vents inside pulp chamber. Meta-analysis could not be done due to heterogeneity of preparation designs and evaluation methods.
Conclusion: Marginal discrepancy of endocrowns is intensified with adding preparation features, higher cavity depth and increasing the divergence. Fracture resistance of endocrowns is increased with more occlusal reduction and cavity depth. However, it is still beyond the normal clinical force range.
Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) needs early detection and effective treatments to reduce the risk of its harmful consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of prosthodontists about OSA and oral appliances (OAs) after a period of training and comparative evaluation between two types of virtual education.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial with two types of educational interventions (PowerPoint and podcast) performed among the members of the Association of Prosthodontists (dentists who are specialist in prosthodontics) in 2020. The participants answered to a questionnaire which assessed their knowledge and practical actions about OSA. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and independent-sample t-test.
Results: Group A (PowerPoint) obtained higher scores in all knowledge sections compared to group B (podcast). Totally, the mean scores of group A in knowledge and practical sections were 77.56 ± 9.09 and 81.75 ± 12.39, respectively. In addition, the mean scores of group B in knowledge and practical sections were 74.72 ± 10.79 and 80.69 ± 14.05, respectively. The difference between the mean scores of the two groups in knowledge and practical sections was not significant.
Conclusion: The virtual educational intervention had positive effects on the knowledge and practice of prosthodontists about OSA and OAs. Although the power Point was more effective than podcasts, there was not significant difference between them.
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