In this research, it was observed that moral empowerment program has been effective in reducing the mean score of moral distress. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing managers and hospital directors implement empowerment program, in order to reduce the moral distress of nurses and improve the quality of care.

Unpleasant, unpredictable symptoms, difficult treatment regimes, and uncertainty about the future of Multiple Sclerosis require the patients to adapt to new life changes and restrictions. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences of adapting to Multiple Sclerosis. A qualitative content analysis method was used to conduct this study. The study participants were 25 patients with Multiple Sclerosis, chosen through purposeful sampling. Data were analyzed by using content analysis. The analysis resulted in the emergence of seven themes and eighteen subthemes. The main themes were: religiosity, information seeking, seeking support, hope rearing, emotional reactions, concealing the disease, fighting the disease and disability. These themes can represent the perceived characteristics and difficulties of adaptation to Multiple Sclerosis by patients. These findings can help nurses and families to aid patients in increasing their abilities to adapt to the disease and enhance their quality of life.

Aims and objectives.  To identify the effects of applying Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Quality of Life of patients with multiple Sclerosis. Background.  In view of the growing caring options in Multiple Sclerosis, improvement of quality of life has become increasingly relevant as a caring intervention. Complementary therapies are widely used by multiple sclerosis patients and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique is a form of complementary therapies. Design.  Quasi‐experimental study. Method.  Multiple Sclerosis patients (n = 66) were selected with no probability sampling then assigned to experimental and control groups (33 patients in each group). Means of data collection included: Individual Information Questionnaire, SF‐8 Health Survey, Self‐reported checklist. PMRT performed for 63 sessions by experimental group during two months but no intervention was done for control group. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software. Results.  Student t‐test showed that there was no significant difference between two groups in mean scores of health‐related quality of life before the study but this test showed a significant difference between two groups, one and two months after intervention (p < 0·05). anova test with repeated measurements showed that there is a significant difference in mean score of whole and dimensions of health‐related quality of life between two groups in three times (p < 0·05). Conclusions.  Although this study provides modest support for the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients, further research is required to determine better methods to promote quality of life of patients suffer multiple sclerosis and other chronic disease. Relevance to clinical practice.  Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique is practically feasible and is associated with increase of life quality of multiple sclerosis patients; so that health professionals need to update their knowledge about complementary therapies.

About 30% of people with multiple sclerosis require some form of supportive assistance at home, and 80% of that assistance is usually provided by spouses or partners. So, the explanation and understanding of patients' experiences of support received from their spouses enable spouses and healthcare professionals to reform their actions toward positive support. This study aimed to explore the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis regarding support from their spouses. A qualitative content analysis method was used to conduct this study. The study participants were 25 patients with multiple sclerosis who were chosen through purposeful sampling from multiple sclerosis associations of Isfahan and Tehran (Iran). Data were collected through nonstructured interviews from September 2011 to August 2012. Four themes and nine subthemes emerged through data analysis. The main themes were play a supportive role, establish a friendly and comfortable relationship, help patient to fight the disease, and help to maintain and to improve patients' functional ability. The results could help in improving the quality of spouses' support in people with multiple sclerosis. Moreover, it could aid in determining the educational needs of patients as supported persons and spouses as supporters. The results could lead to increased knowledge of healthcare experts about the issue of how Iranian people with multiple sclerosis are being supported by their wives/husbands. Furthermore, it would help them to design caring models to promote successful supporting strategies for patients.