Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common co-infecting pathogen recognized among COVID-19 patients. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among Coronavirus disease-19 patients. Methods Between December 2020 and July 2021, 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit at Sina Hospital in Hamadan, west of Iran. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The double-disk synergy method, Modified Hodge test, and polymerase chain reaction were utilized to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase producers. Microtiter plate assay was performed to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of the isolates. The isolates phylogenetic relatedness was revealed using the multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis method. Results The results showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had the most elevated resistance to imipenem (93.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (93.3%), ceftriaxone (80%), ceftazidime (80%), gentamicin (60%), levofloxacin (60%), ciprofloxacin (60%), and cefepime (60%). In the broth microdilution method, 100%, 100%, 20%, and 13.3% of isolates showed resistance to imipenem, meropenem, polymyxin B, and colistin, respectively. Ten (66.6%) isolates were identified as multiple drug resistance. Carbapenemase enzymes and extended spectrum beta-lactamases were identified in 66.6% and 20% of the isolates, respectively and the biofilm formation was detected in 100% of the isolates. The blaOXA-48, blaTEM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaPER, blaVEB, blaNDM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes were detected in 100%, 86.6%, 86.6%, 40%, 20%, 20%, 13.3%, 6.6%, and 6.6% of the isolates, respectively. The blaVIM, blaGIM, blaGES, and blaMCR-1 genes were not identified in any of the isolates. The MLVA typing technique showed 11 types and seven main clusters and most isolates belong to cluster I, V and VII. Conclusion Due to the high rate of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from COVID-19 patients, it is indispensable to monitor the antimicrobial resistance pattern and epidemiology of the isolates on a regular basis.
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common co-infecting pathogen recognized among COVID-19 patients, leading to worsening illness and a high mortality rate. We aimed to demonstrate molecular typing and antimicrobial sensitivity of MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from COVID-19 patients. Methods Between December 2020 and July 2021, 15 P. aeruginosa were isolated from COVID-19 patients in the ICU ward at Sina Hospital in Hamadan, west of Iran. The Antimicrobial resistance of the isolates were determined operating the disk diffusion (DDT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. The double-disk synergy method, Modified Hodge test, and PCR were utilized to detect P. aeruginosa extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) and carbapenemase producers. Microtitre plate assay was operated to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of the isolates. The isolates' phylogenetic relatedness was revealed using the multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) method. Results The results showed P. aeruginosa isolates had the most elevated resistance to imipenem (93.33%), levofloxacin (93.33%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (93.33%), ceftriaxone (80%), ceftazidime (80%), gentamicin (60%), ciprofloxacin (60%), and cefepime (60%). In the broth microdilution method, 100%, 100%, 13.33%, and 20% of isolates showed resistance to imipenem, meropenem, colistin, and polymyxin B, respectively. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemase enzymes were detected in 20% and 66.66% of the isolates, respectively. Biofilm formation was seen in 100% of isolates. On the basis of the PCR results, blaOXA−48, blaTEM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaPER, blaVEB, blaNDM, blaSHV, and blaCTX−M were detected in 100%, 86.67%, 86.67%, 40%, 20%, 20%, 13.33%, 6.67%, and 6.67%, of the isolates, respectively. The MLVA typing technique showed 11 types and seven main clusters. Most isolates belonged to clusters VII, I, and V. Conclusions As to observe high genetic diversity among P. aeruginosa isolates from COVID-19 patients in the ICU, it is indispensable to regularly monitor the epidemiology and genetical relatedness of the isolates to trace any insignificant alteration in the epidemiology of P. aeruginosa isolates in the COVID-19 epidemic.
Background: Brucellosis is recognized as one of the most prevalent diseases among humans and animals. This study investigated and followed up brucellosis in seropositive participants in the Famenin (Hamadan province, Iran) cohort of brucellosis and their families by culture and serology methods. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 66 subjects, including 18 subjects in the Famenin brucellosis cohort study with antibody titers≥1:180 and 36 subjects from their families and 12 subjects in the Famenin brucellosis cohort study with antibody titers<1:80. In the serological method, standard tube agglutination test (STAT positive with≥1:80) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) test (positive with≥1:40) were performed using the patient serum. Finally, 8 cc of the blood of all subjects was used for culture in the BACTEC culture medium. Results: Of the 66 serum samples, 20 (30.3%) samples, including 5, 4, and 10 samples at 1:20, 1:40, and 1:80 dilution, respectively, and 1 sample at 1:160 dilution were positive by the STAT, of which 13 (65%) samples belonged to patients’ family members. Using the 2-ME test, 10 (15.2%) serum samples were positive, of which 5 (50%) cases were related to patients’ family members. Eventually, no growth of Brucella was observed in 66 flasks of the BACTEC culture medium. Conclusion: Considering that a definite diagnostic method is not yet accessible, a combination of methods must be applied to diagnose the disease.
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