Correspondence: Prawej Ansari (chemist89ansari@gmail.com) Moringa oleifera has potential anti-hyperglycaemic effects that have been reported earlier by different scientific groups using animal models of diabetes. We aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of action of M. oleifera extract through different methods. Primarily, we measured fasting blood glucose and performed glucose tolerance test, in Type 2 diabetic rats. Further, we studied the effects of extracts on pancreatic insulin concentration. Extracts' effect on carbohydrate breakdown was assayed using α-amylase inhibition assays and assay of six different segments of gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. An in situ intestinal perfusion model and a glucose fibre assay were performed to see the potentiality of M. oleifera on glucose absorption. M. oleifera showed no significant change in insulin secretion in vivo. Additionally, substantial effect of the extract was seen on retarded glucose absorption and in the in situ perfusion study of rat intestinal model. α-amylase action was inhibited by the extract, yet again, these findings were further confirmed via the Six Segment assay, where sucrose digestion was found to be inhibited throughout the length of the GI tract. A combined in vitro, in vivo and in situ tests justified the potential of anti-hyperglycaemic activity of M. oleifera and its tissue level mechanism is also justified. IntroductionFor the last few decades, diabetes has held its position as one of the world's predominant endocrine disorder [1]. By nature, it cannot be completely cured but it should be kept under tight control. Usually modified lifestyle, medications, diet or a combination of all these are prescribed to diabetic patients to control diabetes. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) have become popular among people from developing countries for managing a multitude of disorders including diabetes. However, unclear mechanism of action and lack of scientific evidence of efficacy of these therapies keeps them far behind from important use. Another drawback of these plants used in various ailments is that they have no established safety profile; although it is thought that they are safe besides being economical, effective and their easy availability. Traditional practitioners globally emphasize these advantages of medicinal plants in their day-to-day practice. Traditional use of medicines is recognized as a way to learn about potential future medicines. In 2001, researchers identified 122 compounds used in mainstream medicine that were derived from 'ethnomedical' plant sources; 80% of these compounds were used in the same or related manner as the traditional ethnomedical use [2].Moringa oleifera is also known as Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn, is a member of the Moringaceae family of perennial angiosperm plants, which includes 12 other species. This plant is commonly named in English as Moringa and drumstick tree [3]. M. oleifera is one of the most useful tropical trees [4], it has the following characteristics: high protein, vitamin...
The findings demonstrate that anti-hyperglycemic activity of A. marmelos is mediated by the inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and improvement of insulin action to uptake glucose in peripheral tissue. Additional study is required to correlate A. marmelos extracts' specific mechanism of glucose-fiber binding capacity and glucose transporters.
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