Se analiza la pertinencia cultural de la implementación del Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB), en escuelas de La Araucanía en el sur de Chile, desde la perspectiva de docentes, educadores tradicionales y adultos mapuche, quienes son destinatarios de esta política pública. La metodología es de carácter cualitativo y de orientación etnográfica y participativa. Los resultados muestran que existe una percepción compartida sobre la falta de pertinencia cultural que tiene para ellos la actual implementación del PEIB, así como el sentimiento de no haber sido considerados suficientemente en sus modos de instalación. Se constata la sistemática invisibilización de las lógicas de sentido que orientan el accionar de las personas mapuche y el no reconocimiento de su agencia. Se espera que este trabajo pueda contribuir a la inclusión de la interculturalidad en la formación docente y al rediseño de la implementación de políticas públicas de educación y desarrollo indígena en nuestro país.
Teaching the fundamentals of chemical kinetics on the college level is challenging to teachers and students alike due to its abstract nature of concepts and limited connection with real context applications. This study consisted of two phases starting with designing a chemistry education for the sustainable development-based learning environment of reaction kinetics, followed by a case study in which students’ perceptions toward learning chemistry by solving a real environmental problem using digital resources, spreadsheets, and an active learning environment, were explored. First, we designed a Socio-Scientific Environmental Chemistry module centered on the sorption kinetic processes of herbicides in volcanic ash derived soils (VADS) and their potential to pollute groundwater. The objective of the learning module was to contribute to the development of sustainability skills, to promote learning of contextualized chemistry knowledge, and to develop scientific skills. This module employs spreadsheets as computational tools in chemistry to model real sorption kinetic data of herbicides in VADS. The learning module was designed for one section of two Analytical Chemistry courses and one Physical Chemistry course of an undergraduate chemistry teacher-training program. After the design phase, the learning module was implemented in each course, and students’ perceptions were gathered using the focus group technique. The sample was of 22 students distributed into three focus groups. The data collected were analyzed and categorized through qualitative content analysis using the Technological Pedagogical Science Knowledge (TPASK) framework. On the basis of our findings, the students acquired contextualized chemistry knowledge and develop skills and knowledge related to using digital resources and spreadsheets in a scientific context. Besides, the preservice chemistry teachers’ knowledge of pedagogy allowed them to develop some elements of their pedagogical science knowledge and TPASK. This case study shows that the problem-based learning approach offers great potential in supporting a learning environment suitable to working with spreadsheets to solve real-environment problems in chemistry education.
The system for measuring the quality of education (SIMCE) is a standardised evaluation that provides results on the academic achievement of Chilean students, while also including indicators of personal and social development. Through a mixed analysis of variables extracted from these indicators, the purpose of this research study is to build a measurement system to assess the favourable and unfavourable emotions of students who took the test in 2018. To contextualise this work, a systematic literature review was carried out synthetising scientific evidence concerning emotions and the interactional context of the classroom. Through a methodological transposition, a qualitative theoretical model epistemologically grounded on radical constructivism was validated quantitatively. This transposition resulted in the construction of three indices of favourable and unfavourable emotions: motivation arising from interaction, exclusionary interaction and interactional context. The results show favourable and unfavourable emotions for learning are a variable in the SIMCE indicators that can be used to understand student academic achievement, confirming existing empirical evidence regarding the explanatory and predictive value of emotions in students’ performance. These results highlight the potential benefits of expanding on this type of research to improve the quality of Chilean education based on the resources already available in the current evaluation system.
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la lectura literaria escolar, específicamente, el reconocimiento y la participación como categorías epistémicas y políticas que operan en los encuentros lectoliterarios en la escuela, desarrollando dos perspectivas de revisión: la experiencia lectora y la distinción de dos caminos explicativos sobre el conocimiento; uno que lo sitúa como revelación de la realidad, y otro que lo concibe como construcción de mundo en la experiencia. Metodológicamente, este trabajo corresponde a una revisión teórica que busca articular las dimensiones epistémicas, políticas y didácticas de las configuraciones posibles del reconocimiento y la participación imbricadas en distintas concepciones de la educación literaria. Para ello, desde una mirada interpretativa, se realiza una aproximación conceptual a la díada conocimiento/realidad, luego se describen aspectos de la experiencia lectora y, finalmente, se desarrolla un enfoque crítico sobre la lectura literaria en la escuela, situando la reflexión en el campo de la justicia educativa como condición para la justicia social. Entre las principales conclusiones destacan: la necesidad de complejizar el reconocimiento epistémico y político del lector literario escolar para habilitar su participación expresiva y la necesidad de situar la reflexión didáctica de la educación literaria más allá de lo metodológico
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