Abstract::
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in a group of patients who presented with severe pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019. A novel virus, now called SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract samples. The current outbreak of infection has spread to over 100 countries and killed more 340,000 people as of 25th May, 2020.
The predominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory disease- ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to fulminant pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors are considered more susceptible to the virus, and these conditions are often worsened by the infection. Further, COVID-19 infection has led to de novo cardiac complications like acute myocardial injury and arrhythmias.
In this review, we have focused on the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 infection that have been reported in literature so far. We have also outlined the effect of pre-existing cardiovascular disease and well as risk factors on the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 infection.
Cardiac conduction disturbances such as left bundle branch block (LBBB) and atrioventricular blocks (AVB) occur frequently following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and may be associated with adverse clinical events. There is a lack of consensus regarding permanent pacemaker implantation in the case of occurrence of TAVR-related bundle branch blocks or combination of AVB and bundle blocks. Furthermore, there are no guidelines regarding the use of the leadless pacemaker in this setting. We present a patient who underwent successful implantation of a leadless pacemaker for a new LBBB post-TAVR.
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