Background: The pandemic of the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions around the world. In pregnancy the dangers to the mother and fetus are still being explored. SARS-CoV2 can potentially compromise maternal and neonatal outcomes and this may be dependent on the pregnancy stage during which the infection occurs. Objective: The present study was done to find the histopathological alterations in the placenta of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies with either no symptoms or mild coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 related symptoms and its association with neonatal outcomes. Study design: This was a prospective analytical study. Twenty seven asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy delivered between 1 st July 2020 and 15 th September 2020, were included as cases. An equal number of SARS-CoV-2 negative singleton pregnancies matched for maternal and gestational age during the same period were included as controls. After delivery the histopathological examination of the placenta of these women was done and the findings recorded on a predesigned proforma based on the Amsterdam consensus criteria for evidence of maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion changes. Results: The baseline characteristics were comparable between the cases and controls. The following features of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) were significantly higher in the placentae of COVID-19 positive pregnancies: retroplacental hematomas (RPH), accelerated villous maturation (AVM), distal villous hyperplasia (DVH), atherosis, fibrinoid necrosis, mural hypertrophy of membrane arterioles (MHMA), vessel ectasia and persistence of intramural endovascular trophoblast (PIEVT). Fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) significantly associated with the positive pregnancies were chorioangiosis, thrombosis of the fetal chorionic plate (TFCP), intramural fibrin deposition (IMFD) and vascular ectasia. Additionally, perivillous fibrin deposition was also significantly higher in the placentae of cases. The percentage of spontaneously delivered women was comparable in the two groups. The sex and weight of the newborn and the number of live births were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women, with otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies, show evidence of placental injury at a microscopic level. Similar findings have been demonstrated in other studies too. This placental injury apparently does not lead to poor pregnancy outcomes. The extent of this injury in symptomatic cases of COVID-19 pregnancies and its consequences on the outcomes need to be analysed.
Aims and Objectives:Platelet rich fibrin is widely used in stimulation and acceleration of soft tissue and bone healing because of local and continuous delivery of growth factors and proteins, mimicking the needs of the physiological wound healing and reparative tissue processes. This article will serve to introduce a second generation platelet concentrate, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).Materials and Methods:Fifteen cases are presented in which conventional endodontic therapy failed to resolve the problem and periapical root-end surgery was required.Results:At the end of six months, all patients showed complete bone regeneration.Conclusion:Production of a dense, cross-linked, physically robust PRF made of intact platelets and fibrin by high-speed centrifugation in the absence of exogenous thrombin, yields an ideal scaffold for use in tissue repair.
Aim:To compare the incidence and intensity of post-obturation pain after single or multi visit root canal treatment on single rooted teeth in a randomized controlled trial.Materials and Methods:Two hundred patients requiring root canal treatment on permanent single rooted teeth (both vital and non vital) were included. The patients were assigned randomly into two groups of 100 patients each. The teeth in Group1 (n = 100) were obturated at the first visit, whilst those in Group 2 (n = 100) were obturated in a second visit 7 days later. A modified Heft Parker visual analog scale was used to measure pre-operative pain and post-obturation pain at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after obturation. Independent-sample T-tests was used for statistical analysis.Results:Twelve patients were excluded from the study as they failed to follow the scheduled revisit. Data were obtained from the remaining 188 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence and intensity of post-obturation pain experienced by two groups.Conclusions:The incidence and intensity of post-obturation pain experience following one- or two-visit root canal treatment on teeth with a single canal were not significantly different.
The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare entity and represents less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. Dr. J J Pindborg (1958) first described four cases of this unusual lesion; subsequently Shafer et al coined the term Pindborg tumor. This lesion is a locally aggressive benign odontogenic neoplasm arising from epithelial tissue. It occurs most commonly in 4th-5th-6th decade of life and bears no gender predilection. A case of CEOT in a 50-year-old male arising in the left body region is described.
Objective: The present study is based on the cytologic evaluation of bronchial brushings for the diagnosis of non neoplastic and neoplastic bronchopulmonary lesions and relation of the cytologic findings with clinical diagnosis and histopathologic examination wherever possible. Material and Method:35 symptomatic patients were selected on whom bronchoscopy was done. Bronchial brushing was performed using straight brushes and bronchial washing specimens were collected after brushing samples. Smears were stained by PaP, H&E, and Giemsa in all the cases while PaS and ziehl neelsen stainings were done in selected cases. Endobronchial biopsy was performed using a flexible long biopsy forceps. Results:The age of the patients varied from 18 to 88 years, and the male:female ratio was 3.3:1. Carcinoma was diagnosed in 21 (60%) out of total 35 cases on bronchial biopsy and the remaining 14 cases (40%) showed inflammatory, tuberculous or no significant pathology. Bronchial washing showed 10 true positive, 10 true negative, 4 false positive and 11 false negative cases whereas bronchial brushing showed 17 true positive, 12 true negative, 2 false positive and 4 false negative cases as confirmed on biopsy. Bronchial brushing showed good sensitivity (80.9%) and specificity (85.7%) compared to bronchial washing which had sensitivity of 47.6% and specificity of 71.4%. Conclusion:These findings attempted to confirm the concept that pulmonary cytology has improved to the point that its sensitivity is high enough to justify its use as a definitive diagnostic tool in those cases in which tissue diagnosis is not possible.Key Words: Cytology, Pulmonary neoplasms, Pulmonary abscess, Tuberculosis, Chronic bronchitis ÖZ Amaç: neoplastik ve non-neoplastik akciğer lezyonlarında bronş fırçalama materyalinin sitolojik değerlendirme sonuçlarını klinik tanı ve histopatolojik inceleme sonuçları ile karşılaştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntem:Bronkoskopi yapılan 35 semptomatik olgu değerlendirmeye alındı. rutin bronş fırçalaması ve ardından bronş yıkama sıvısı alındı. Yaymalar PaP, H&E ve Giemsa ile, gereken olgularda ek olarak PaS ve ziehl neelsen ile boyandı. ayrıca, biyopsi forsepsi ile endobronşial biyopsi alındı.Bulgular: olguların yaşı 18-88 arasında değişiyordu ve erkek:kadın oranı 3.3:1' di. 35 olgunun 21'inde (%60) karsinom saptanırken, diğer 14 olguda (%40) enflamatuvar lezyon, tüberküloz veya patoloji olmadığı saptandı. Bronş iğne biyopsisi ile değerlendirildiğinde bronş yıkama materyali 10 gerçek pozitif, 10 gerçek negatif, 4 yanlış pozitif, 11 yanlış negatif sonuç verirken, bronş fırçalama materyali 17 gerçek pozitif, 12 gerçek negatif, 2 yanlış pozitif, 4 yanlış negative sonuç verdi. Bronş fırçalaması iyi duyarlılık (%80,9) ve özgüllük (%85,7) gösterirken, bronş yıkamasında duyarlılık %47,6 ve özgüllük %71,4 düzeyinde kaldı.Sonuç: Sonuçlar, doku tanısı yetersiz olduğunda akciğer sitolojisinin tanısal olarak kullanılabilecek duyarlılığa sahip olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir
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