Aim: The current research was planned to explore the diverse pharmacognostic standards of unexplored traditionally used medicinal plants from Northeast India (Alpinia galanga, Chenopodium album, Mikania micrantha, Allium hookeri, & Eryngium foetidium). Materials and Methods: Leaves samples were collected, authenticated, elaborative studies by macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical characterization (As per WHO-recommended methods of standardization), and methanolic extracts were prepared. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action of the leaves extracts were also resolute by the DPPH assay with butylated hydroxyl anisole as benchmark and inhibition of protein denaturation method taking diclofenac sodium as a standard drug respectively. Results: The pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters enable to evaluate purity and avoid adulteration of the crude drugs. Methanolic extract of Eryngium foetidium(MMEF) showed better antioxidant activity and methanolic extract of Alpinia galangal(MMAG) showed profound anti-inflammatory activity amongst all extracts. Conclusion: This study showed preliminary pharmacognostic standards for traditionally used medicinal plants and therapeutic information which would be good tools for future experimental biological activity study, together with the need for drug discovery and development.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading three diseases with higher death rates worldwide, with an expected 2.2 million new cases continuously in 2030. The expanding utilization of common plant-inferred parts, investigating the counter proliferative impacts of phytochemicals is progressively picking up significance in planning anticancer medications. This study aimed to examine the effect of methanolic extracts of Entada phaseoloides (MEEP) on the apoptotic pathway in human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29 cells). MTT assay and live/dead staining with fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) were utilized to quantify cell viability in cancer cells. This research facility's exploratory investigation showed the effects of colon malignant growth cells (HT-29) exposed to various portions (1.23, 3.70, 11.11, 33.33, and 100µg/mL) of MEEP. The pure compounds isolated from the extracts includes Oleic acid, Entadamide A, Entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Phaseoloidin. The result showed that MEEP actuated the concealment of cell viability and apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This included characteristic changes in nuclear morphology, the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), up-regulation of pro-apoptotic BAX, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, which initiates the transformation of caspase-3 to cleaved caspase-3, thus actuating PARP promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, it was found that MEEP does not affect ROS production. Thus overall findings applies against proliferative impact through various signalling pathways, is an outstanding possibility for hostile to colon cancer therapy with the help of natural sources.
Plant provides various important phytoconstituents in the form of primary and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites obtained from the plants possesses significant biological activities. The plant phytochemicals are useful for scavenging free radicals and also in the treatment of cell injury. The proper identification and authentication of the plant secondary metabolites is important for quality control purpose. There are various chromatographic tools like HPTLC, HPLC and GC are interest of researcher for carrying out the authentication of the plant secondary metabolites. Among these, HPTLC is used widely for the plant authentication for its fingerprint ability for plant constituents. In this study, methanol (ESM) and chloroform (ESC) extracts of Bark of Erythrina stricta Roxb. were selected for its HPTLC fingerprint profile and In vitro cytotoxicity study for A549 cell lines (lung cancer). Plants were collected from in and around of Aizawl city and authenticated from BSI, Shillong. Bark of plants were prepared and extracted using soxhlet extractor with different solvents gradually increasing their polarities (Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol). Solvent systems for chromatography were developed and HPTLC fingerprint was carried out. MTT assay for cytotoxicity were performed against standard doxorubicin and IC50 concentrations were calculated. The HPTLC fingerprint showed the presence of various phytochemicals in chloroform and methanol extract. Cytotoxicity study suggested that the plants extracts reduce viable cells by exerting cytotoxic effect. These studies can be used further for exploration of other pharmacological actions including anticancer activity.
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