<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic otitis media is the most common cause of hearing impairment in the developing countries with serious effects. The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of myringoplasty in dry and wet ears in tubo-tympanic type of chronic otitis media (COM) with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is an observational study done in the department of ENT, Mamata medical college, Khammam, during the study period of September 2019 to February 2021 on 40 patients of tubo-tympanic type COM. On simple random basis selected patients underwent myringoplasty by underlay technique. All patients were evaluated during post-operative follow-up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, majority of patients were in the age group of 26 to 45 years with slight female preponderance, with male to female ratio (0.73:1). In our study, the successful graft uptake was seen 90% in dry ears and 85% in wet ears, which seems to be not significant in difference. With respect to hearing improvement, post-operatively there was significant improvement in both the groups, when compared to pre-operative hearing. The maximum improvement in average hearing threshold after surgery, in dry ears with large perforation (12.66dB) and in wet ears with small central perforation (12.44dB) was almost equal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the success rate of graft uptake and hearing improvement is found almost equal in dry and wet ears by using underlay technique of myringoplasty. </p>

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Aim of the study was to determine most common mode of presentation, spectrum of fungi involved in otomycosis and to compare the treatment efficacy of 1% clotrimazole drops with 1% clotrimazole cream in management of otomycosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted over a study period of 18 months, in which a total of 60 patients who are clinically diagnosed with otomycosis were included. All the specimens collected from patients were subjected to standard microbiological procedures for identification of fungi involved in otomycosis. Then patients were randomly allotted into 2 groups for treatment with 1% clotrimazole drops or with cream. Improvement in symptoms of pain, pruritis, blocked sensation, and discharge on one-and two-weeks follow-up was recorded. External auditory canal was evaluated for improvement in otomycotic debris. All patients were asked the opinion about preferred modality of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> 27(45%) was the predominant species isolated. When compared to the symptoms on day 01 at day 07, significant difference was noted for the improvement of the symptoms and also for the otomycotic debris in both the groups. The group with cream had significantly more blocked sensation. On second week follow up, significant improvement was noted for all the symptoms and otomycotic debris. Forty five out of sixty patients preferred using cream.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study, <em>Aspergillus </em>species was found to be the commonest fungi involved in otomycosis. 1% topical clotrimazole drops and cream were equally effective in management of otomycosis.</p>

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<p><strong>Background</strong>: Aim of the study was to distinguish traumatic tympanic membrane perforation (TTMP) by distribution, etiology and clinical presentation and to assess the prognosis and outcome of treatment and establish masterly inactivity as main treatment modality.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: A prospective observational study was performed on 60 cases of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology, Mamatha medical college and general hospital, Khammam from October 2019 to March 2021. All the patients came to ENT OPD with the history of trauma to the ear and hearing loss were examined and after obtaining proper history, all the patients underwent ENT clinical examination, oto-endoscopic and audiological evaluation by pure tone audiometry. All the patients diagnosed with traumatic tympanic membrane perforation after obtaining informed written consent were included in the study. All the patients were followed at regular intervals and observations were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: All patients were evaluated based on oto-endoscopic examination. Age ranges from 20-50 years, mean age of 33.6 years and with a male to female ratio of 1:1.4. Commonest etiology was physical assault (61.66%) followed by self-inflicted injury accounting 20%. Tinnitus (90%) was the common presenting complaint and the perforation spontaneously healing is about 90% patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane is under-reported otologic defect which has a good prognosis if treated at right time with a need to educate people on the consequences and about unskilled removal of wax/foreign body, early identification and apt diagnosis and management.</p>

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