BACKGROUND: Airway epithelium is the first line of defense against a variety of exposures. Inflammatory processes, hyperresponsiveness and zinc deficiency cause epithelial damage. Zinc is involved in apoptosis and microtubule formation. However, its role in the integrity of bronchial mucosa and cilia is unclear.METHODS: To assess the effect of zinc on the integrity of the bronchial epithelium, 24 male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were randomized into four experimental groups: normal zinc diet group without zinc supplementation, normal zinc diet group with 60 ppm zinc supplementation, zinc deficient diet group without zinc supplementation, and zinc deficient diet group with 120 ppm zinc supplementation. Bronchial mucosal integrity was measured with the number of epithelial cells, and the number and length of cilia.RESULTS: Number of cell in normal zinc diet group was 8.8±1.82, while it was only 8.1±1.08 in zinc deficient diet group (p<0.001). Number of cilia per cell was 4.6±1.08 in normal zinc diet group, compared to 4.0±0.79 in zinc deficient diet group (p<0.001). Ciliary length also differ by 7.68±0.66 μm in normal zinc diet group and only 5.16±0.91 μm in zinc deficient diet group (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation of the normal zinc diet group affected the length of bronchial cilia. Zinc supplementation of the zinc deficient diet group affected the integrity of the bronchial epithelium, which was shown by the number and length of cilia, and the number of epithelial cells.KEYWORDS: zinc, bronchial epithelial integrity, cilia length, number of cilia, epithelial cell
Kata kunci: obesitas remaja, asupan zat gizi, indeks masa tubuh, hiperlipidemia.
Introduction: The most common malignancy that is diagnosed in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Undernourished children tend to have poorer long term survival. This descriptive analytic study is aimed towards analyzing the correlation between nutritional status at diagnosis and outcomes of induction phase therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the Department of Pediatrics Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in 2014.Methods: A cross-sectional method using the medical records of patients is used in this study. The nutritional statuses of patients are calculated using weight for length/height trough curves of WHO 2006 or CDC 2000.Results: The results show that from 45 children diagnosed with ALL, 53% are of the age ≤ 5 years old, with 58% males and 42% females. 13% of the patients are in the high risk group and 87% are in the standard risk group. Nutritional statuses of patients are 2% of them obese experienced remission after induction phase therapy, 56% normal with 80% of them experienced remission. 40% underweight with 89% of them experienced remission and 11% not experienced remission, 2% malnutrition and experienced remission. There is no correlation between the nutritional status of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the outcome of induction phase (p = 0.798).Conclusion: In conclusion, there is no correlation between nutritional status and remission outcome of patients with ALL in the induction phase of therapy. However, high percentage of underweight patients shows nutrition needs special attention to improve therapy outcomes.
Abstrak Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat validitas penilaian otentik yang telah dikembangkan baik teoritis maupun empiris. Subyek penelitian ini adalah penilaian otentik yang telah dikembangkan. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan menggunakan desain penelitian R & D (Research and Development). Instrumen penilaian yang dikembangkan adalah rubrik penilaian project report dan presentasi. Penilaian yang telah dikambangkan diuji kelayakannya berdasarkan validitas teoritis dan empirisnya. Validitas teoritis diukur berdasarkan perspektif dari pakar, sedangkan kepraktisan dievaluasi berdasarkan pendapat mahasiswa terhadap penerapan penilaian tersebut. Hasil yang ditunjukkan penelitian ini adalah instrumen yang telah dikembangkan layak untuk diterapkan berdasarkan hasil validasi kepada pakar dan respon mahasiswa. Penilaian yang telah dikembangkan berada pada kategori “sangat baik” dan “baik”. Setiap item penilaian memperoleh skor 3 dan 4. Analisis kepraktisan yang digambarkan melalui hasil uji coba terbatas dan respon mahasiswa, menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap penerapan penilaian tersebut, meskipun ada beberapa bagian dari rubrik penilaian perlu untuk direvisi lebih lanjut.Kata Kunci: penilaian otentik, validitas teoritis, validitas empiris
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