The paper tests for statistical association between employment and value added of freight transport industry and its component activities against overall economy in a ten-year panel ranging from 2008 to 2017 of the thirteen newest European Union member countries. In this paper, the nature of correlation between economic growth as the independent variable and freight transport industry as a dependent variable is examined. To achieve stationarity, and to lose autocorrelation and the idiosyncratic effects, the variables are first differenced. The results of the “Granger causality” tests show the null hypothesis of no-causation may be rejected for most conjectures with high F-Statistics as well as high statistical significance. The results of the Panel EGLS cross-section fixed effects do not reject the results gained by the Granger test, and the same may be said for the Panel Generalised Method of Moments First Differences test. The result of the Arellano-Bond test shows no serial correlation in the residuals. It has been concluded that changes in overall economy (value added and employment) have a significant and measurably strong impact on freight transportation and warehousing sector. This conclusion is useful in assessing future impacts on freight transport industry, especially as a consequence of contingent events.
The growth of container transport places increasing demand on traffic, especially in situations where container terminals are located near the city centers. The main problem is traffic congestion on networks caused by the integration of Heavy-Duty Vehicles and urban traffic flows. The main objective is to identify the critical traffic parameters which cause negative organizational and environmental impacts on the existing and future traffic demand. A micro-level traffic simulation model was implemented for the testing of the proposed framework-based supply, demand, and control layers. The model was generated and calibrated based on the example of a mid-size Container Terminal “Brajdica” and the City of Rijeka, Croatia. The results indicate that the critical parameters are Queue Length on the approach road to the Container Terminal and the Stop Delay on the main city corridor. High values of these parameters cause negative effects on the environment because of increased fuel consumption and the generation of extra pollution. Due to this problem, a sensitivity analysis of the traffic system performance has been conducted, with a decrement of Terminal Gate Time distribution by 10%. After re-running simulations, the results indicate the impact of subsequent variation in Terminal Gate Time on the decrease of critical parameters, fuel consumption, and vehicle pollution.
The research problem this paper is concerned with is the effect of tourism on solid waste generation in Croatia’s coastal area. We are aware of the fact that this has not been thoroughly addressed, especially considering tourism’s share in the Croatian economy and the pressure it generates on sustainable coastal management. This is of particular importance considering the governing complexity of coastal areas. Thus, we ask a simple question regarding the role of the tourism industry in the solid waste generation in the Croatian coastal area: Do tourists generate relatively more solid waste than the domestic population? The falsifiable hypothesis is stated in terms of the difference in the production of communal waste between domestic population and tourists, taking into account local idiosyncratic factors, when such a difference is recoverable through statistical analysis of measurable tourist presence in panel data. The first hypothesis is thus: The amount of solid waste produced by local residents in Croatian coastal municipalities diverges significantly in statistical terms from the amount of solid waste produced by tourists. The second hypothesis is: The amount of waste-streams is influenced by local idiosyncrasies of coastal settlements, their economic structure, per capita GDP and/or cultural background of local people. Our dataset is a panel of 160 municipalities in the Croatian coastal area spanned across a time period of 12 months during 2019, giving us a total of 1920 panel observations. We performed a Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares cross-section fixed effects analysis with Panel Corrected Standard Errors on domestic population and tourist overnight stays and their solid waste generation. We used the above mentioned method to achieve better results with higher significance, and lower Standard Errors than comparable methods. We complemented the analysis with a dynamic Panel Generalized Method of Moments First Differences test. Results show a relatively larger relative impact of tourist overnight stays on municipal solid waste generation than what is to be expected from the locals only. Our different methods of analysis ended with non-contradicting results. The number of tourist overnight stays in some municipalities shadows the overnight stays of the local population as an indicator of solid waste generation, exacerbating the problem of sustainability of waste disposal. We conclude that the relative waste disposal impact of the tourists is at least 22% greater and possibly up to 55% greater than the one of local inhabitants, contradicting some other research. We also found evidence of possible Environmental Kuznets Curve behavior.
This paper shows the analyses of hydrogen vehicles within urban centres, which have been gaining increasing importance lately. In fact, due to the negative impact of conventional vehicles on human health and environment, the need is imposed for implementation of eco-powered vehicles that also tend to be sustainable in transport. Gradual removal of fossil fuels and the use of alternative road transport technologies are among the primary objectives of most countries. This paper aims to examine the impact of hydrogen technology in urban transport, ie to point out how hydrogen vehicles have affected the satisfaction of customers and users through individual projects. Furthermore, the paper analyses the current situation in the application of hydrogen vehicles in the world, as well as future investments in infrastructure through strategies aimed at boosting higher demand for clean energy.
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