Marketing scholars and practitioners have questioned the relationship between marketing activities and firm performance. However, the entrepreneurial vision as a background factor for marketing activities designed and implemented has not been linked to firm performance. By doing this, the authors investigate the relationship between the invisible and visible parts of market performance in the context of SMEs' international marketing process. The leading effort in this study is to explore the marketing capabilities as the antecedents of the performance in international markets, and also to understand the relationship between entrepreneurial vision of SMEs and their marketing capabilities. A research model developed by the authors is employed for empirical analyses based on 209 questionnaires from SMEs in manufacturing industry.
The effect of the Volkswagen emission crisis in 2015, the biggest greenwashing event in recent years, on the online consumer engagement of Facebook brand pages was investigated in France, Germany, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. These countries have been selected for the reason that Volkswagen sales and diesel-engine cars and the use of social media are quite common. For 6 years in these four countries, the likes, comments, and shares made by consumers on the Facebook brand page of Volkswagen have been examined. The monthly dataset covers January 2012 to December 2017. The obtained data were analyzed with autoregressive-moving average models. Despite a globally positive approach to green products, countries' attitudes toward greenwashing have been significantly different. The findings showed that online consumer engagement was negative in the United Kingdom and Turkey and in a positive direction in Germany, whereas there was no change in France in the fourth quarter of 2015.
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