Resumo: A intervenção em um fenômeno como um Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI) é algo complexo, principalmente em economias em desenvolvimento. Estudos constatam a ausência de instrumentos e ações práticas Abstract:The interference in a phenomenon as a National Innovation System (NIS) is complex, especially in developing economies. Some studies discuss the absence of tools and practical actions that allow a continuous improvement of these systems. In Brazil, there is a case of pioneering action developed by EMBRAPII, an agency for Industrial Research and Innovation. EMBRAPII has recently published a standard of management system based on business processes. That tool aims to provide guidance to support the management of R&D Institutes, partners of EMBRAPII. This paper proposes a model of evaluation as a mechanism to improve a network of R&D Institutes using that standard management system. The model is structured based on the integration of three key concepts: performance measurement system, evaluation processes, internal and external audits. The constraints and assumptions about the use of a model such as this are discussed. The main conclusion is that there are no similar models in literature and application of this model can be an important tool for developing countries that need to boost their innovation network.
The theory of National Innovation Systems (NIS) has evolved significantly and has aided the diagnosis for innovation in different countries. The NIS theory has, however, been criticized by lack of concepts, tools and practices that allow actions in ongoing improvement of these systems. In Brazil, for example, analysis indicate barriers related to dispersion of resources, weaknesses in the educational system and low investment in R&D, but don't indicate concrete ways to stimulate changes on the players of the system. This paper presents an experience for the improvement in the Brazilian NIS, combining NIS theory with classical concepts of Standardized Management Systems. It is proposed a management framework that provides a guidance for institutions of Scientific and Technological Research belonging to a NIS, playing an important role on the technology transfer process. The hypothesis is that the standard induces improvements to the R&D institutions and therefore to the whole system. The proposed framework has been developed from an action research and ethnographic methods in order to capture the perceptions of specialists. From this experience, it is discussed the main barriers and specificities of the development of a Standardized Management System oriented to the improvement of National Innovation Systems. The results indicate the feasibility of the proposal, showing that a management system standard for innovation can: a) sensitize and guide NIS actors to promote common goals to cooperate in developing technologies; b) indicate mechanisms and actions that can be applied by these actors; c) encourage the development of skills and abilities that facilitate cooperation between companies in the institutions comprising the NIS.
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