The study’s aim was to explore the effect of venlafaxine, valsartan, and pramipexole on spermatogenesis. It was hypothesized that these drugs may affect the male fertility because of their long-term use in treatment of depression, hypertension, and Parkinson’s diseases. Male rats were given venlafaxine, valsartan, and pramipexole at low- and high-dose levels orally once daily for 10 weeks. Testosterone (25 mg/kg) was given as a standard via an intramuscular route once weekly. Rats were sacrificed after blood collection by cardiac puncture, and testes were removed. Sperm parameters were examined from spermatozoa of the cauda epididymis, and testes were treated for histopathological analysis. Results showed nonsignificant effect of venlafaxine on the sperm count, whereas a decreased sperm count was noted in all the treatment groups as compared to that of the control except valsartan at a low dose, which significantly ( p < 0.001) raised the sperm count (96.26 ± 2.4) in reference with the control value (49.13 ± 2.3). Treatments had variable effects on total sperm motility and morphological parameters, but valsartan at a low dose showed maximum sperm motility (71.55 ± 0.7) among all. DNA integrity of spermatozoa remained intact in all groups. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels decreased, and testosterone levels increased in all treatment groups as compared to control values, which indicate fertility. Histopathology revealed normal texture of testes with venlafaxine and valsartan, but testicular damage occurred with high-dose pramipexole. It is concluded that the use of venlafaxine, valsartan, and pramipexole at a low dose is devoid of any harmful effect on spermatogenesis, whereas pramipexole at a high dose adversely affect it.

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Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness, nervousness and fear, which can lead to a serious mental illness. Currently the trend of population suffering from anxiety is increasing. The study has been designed to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of coconut milk. The study was carried out on albino mice weighing 18-25gm either male or female. Mice were divided into 3 groups. Group I was taken as Control and given distilled water 0.4ml. Group II was taken as treated and given coconut milk 0.4ml and Group III was given 0.6ml of coconut milk. Head dip, light and dark model, cage crossing, open field and elevated plus maze were used to evaluate coconut milks effect on anxiety. Our study exposed significant effects of anxiolytic activity of coconut milk in mice. Head dip activity and open field activity show highly significant result. We conclude that administration of coconut milk gives anxiolytic effects because it possesses anti-oxidant components as multi vitamins and minerals. It has less adverse effect as compared to allopathic drugs, we can use coconut milk in our daily diet.