The reaction of 2,3-di(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenylpyrazine (dpdpz) with K(2)PtCl(4) in a mixture of acetonitrile and water afforded mono-Pt complex (dpdpz)PtCl(2)4 in good yield, with two lateral pyridine nitrogen atoms binding to the metal center. Two types of Ru(II)-Pt(II) heterodimetallic complexes bridged by dpdpz, namely, [(bpy)(2)Ru(dpdpz)Pt(C≡CC(6)H(4)R)](2+) (7-9, R = H, NMe(2), or Cl, respectively) and [(tpy)Ru(dpdpz)Pt(C≡CPh)] (+) (12), were then designed and prepared, where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and tpy = 2,2';6',2''-terpyridine. In both cases, the platinum atom binds to dpdpz with a C(∧)N(∧)N tridentate mode. However, the coordination of the ruthenium atom with dpdpz could either be noncyclometalated (N(∧)N bidentate) or cyclometalated (C(∧)N(∧)N tridentate). The electronic properties of these complexes were subsequently studied and compared by spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses and theoretical calculations. These complexes exhibit substantial absorption in the visible to NIR (near-infrared) region because of mixed MLCT (metal-to-ligand-charge-tranfer) transitions from both the ruthenium and the platinum centers. Complexes 7 and 9 were found to emit NIR light with higher quantum yields than those of the mono-Ru complex [(bpy)(2)Ru(dpdpz)](2+) (5) and bis-Ru complex [(bpy)(2)Ru(dpdpz)Ru(bpy)(2)](4+) (13). However, no emission was detected from complex 8 or 12 at room temperature in acetonitrile.
Reported here are a new bridging ligand, 2,3-di-2-pyridyl-5,6-diphenylpyrazine (dpdpz), and its complexation with one or two ruthenium atoms. This ligand was designed so that it could bind to metal species in either a N(∧)N bidentate fashion or a C(∧)N(∧)N tridentate mode to form a metallacycle. The reaction between dpdpz and (tpy)RuCl3 (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) afforded C(∧)N(∧)N-type mono- and dinuclear cyclometalated complexes in moderate yields. On the other hand, N(∧)N-type mono- and dinuclear noncyclometalated complexes could be isolated from the reaction of dpdpz with (bpy)2RuCl2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). An asymmetric diruthenium complex, bridged by dpdpz, was prepared with one ruthenium atom cyclometalated and another one noncyclometalated. The electronic properties of these complexes were probed by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. They exhibited multiple reversible redox processes. However, the formal potentials and electrochemical energy gap are greatly dependent on the binding nature and number of ruthenium atoms. As indicated by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies, diruthenium complexes bridged by dpdpz exhibited electronic coupling between the two metal centers. A comparison of the electronic absorption and emission properties of these complexes is also presented.
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