Abstract:Water resources are important and irreplaceable natural and economic resources. Achieving a balance between economic prosperity and protection of water resource environments is a major issue in China. This article develops a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach with undesirable outputs by using Seiford's linear converting method to estimate water use efficiencies for 30 provinces in China, from 2008-2016,and then analyzes the influencing factors while using a DEA-Tobit model. The findings show that the overall water use efficiency of the measured Chinese provinces, when considering sewage emissions as the undesirable output, is 0.582. Thus, most regions still need improvement. Provinces with the highest water efficiency are located in economically developed Eastern China. The spatial pattern of water use efficiency in China is consistent with the general pattern of regional economic development. This study implies that factors like export dependence, technical progress, and educational value have a positive influence on water use efficiency. Further, while industrial structure has had a negative impact, government intervention has had little impact on water use efficiency. These research results will provide a scientific basis for the government to make plans for water resource development, and it may be helpful in improving regional sustainable development.
The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term immunogenicity of inactivated split-virion 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine after a single immunization. We recruited 480 adults, aged 18-60 years, for a placebo-controlled, observer-masked, single-center clinical study. We randomly assigned subjects into four groups: 15 μg, 30 μg and 45 μg of hemagglutinin (HA) dosage groups, and a placebo control group. Finally, 259 subjects completed the entire study. The rates of seroconversion and seroprotection and the geometric mean increase (GMI) fulfilled the criteria of the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) for influenza vaccine for 180 days after vaccination in all three dosage groups. However, the seroprotection rates of all dosage groups were below 70% at day 360 post vaccination, while the seroconversion rates and the GMI continued to meet the licensure criteria at this time point. In conclusion, a single dose of 15 μg HA vaccine could induce a protective immune response persisting for at least six months in adults. This study could be beneficial for the future development of influenza vaccines conferring long-term immunity.
Multi-linear M-tensor equation is a complex system of linear equations, whose coefficient is a higher-order tensor. Recurrent neural network (RNN) has great advantages in the processing of sequence data, especially in the processing of nonlinear systems, showing a very potent ability. In this paper, solving the multi-linear M-tensor equation is transformed into an error function from the perspective of control science. By controlling the error to zero, the real solution to the error function is approached to the theoretical solution. The model is discretized for the convenience of implementation in computers. Moreover, the relevant theoretical analyses are provided, and the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are proved by comparing it with the Newton iteration (NI) neural algorithm.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.