Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the most common type of sleep disorders. This study aimed to systematically review the correlation between OSA and the risk of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods. Literature on case-control studies on the relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and sleep apnea syndrome was collected and collated, and the incidence of SAS in CHD and non-CHD patients was observed and compared. RevMan 5.2 analysis software and Stata12SE analysis software were used for heterogeneity test and combination analysis of the included studies. The results were expressed with odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and publication bias and sensitivity tests were evaluated. Results. There was a statistical difference in OSA associated with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis between the experimental group and the control group [ OR = 1.38 , 95% CI (1.18, 1.62), P < 0.0001 , I 2 = 0 % , Z = 3.93 ]. OSA associated with vascular endothelial injury [ OR = 3.59 , 95% CI (3.00, 4.29), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 90 % , Z = 14.09 ]. OSA is associated with vascular oxidation emergency [ OR = 2.19 , 95% CI (2.05, 2.33), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 94 % , Z = 23.40 ]; OSA is associated with chronic vascular inflammation [ OR = 1.70 , 95% CI (1.39, 2.07), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 16 % , Z = 5.18 ]. Conclusion. The incidence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with CHD was higher than that in non-CHD patients, and obstructive sleep apnea was a risk factor for CHD.
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a rapidly developing condition owing to a lack of effective treatment and resulting in a high mortality rate in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contain numerous antigens and proinflammatory substances that directly damage the vascular endothelium and aggravate vascular inflammation, which is considered an important pathogenic factor of DAH in SLE. Therefore, blocking the release of NETs from neutrophils is an important target for the treatment of DAH in SLE. In this study, we investigated whether the inhibition of neutrophils releasing NETs could relieve DAH in SLE. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a small molecule, has been reported to inhibit the release of NETs by neutrophils. In vitro experiments revealed that Nec-1 inhibited alveolar epithelial cell damage by preventing the release of NETs. Furthermore, vivo studies showed that Nec-1 alleviated lupus pulmonary haemorrhage in mice by reducing lung pathology severity, body weight, and serum inflammatory cytokine levels. Mechanistically, Nec-1 prevented NET release by inhibiting neutrophil elastase (NE) activation and N-Gasdermin D (N-GSDMD) expression. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence findings showed that Nec-1 decreased NE expression in the lung tissues of mice with lupus pulmonary haemorrhage. Thus, NETs released by neutrophils contributed to the pathogenesis of DAH in SLE, and Nec-1 showed protective effects by the inhibition of NET production via the reduction of NE activation and N-GSDMD expression.
Background:The relationship between season and the risk of preterm birth is not consistent. Importantly, the role of environmental factors in it is not clear. Methods:Based on the baseline of the Jinan birth cohort, our study focused on seasons of conception to examine the relationship. The mothers from the birth cohort were the subjects, and they were interviewed face-to-face by the questionnaire. The average exposure levels of temperature and humidity during the first 30 days of pregnancy were calculated, and those of air pollutants were assessed by an inverse distance weighting method. Results: A total of 4.4 % (263/5984) of mothers had premature babies. The rates of preterm birth were higher in winter (6.0 %) and summer (4.5 %) than that in spring (3.1 %) at the 0.05 significant level. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the risk of preterm birth at conception in winter and summer were 2.228 (1.512-3.316) and1.541 (1.055-2.277). However, after further adjustment for humidity, only the association between winter conception and preterm birth remained statistically significant (OR: 2.353, 95% CI: 1.594-3.511). Moreover, the humidity partially mediated the relationship (41.2 %) between conception in winter and preterm birth, and humidity in winter was negatively associated with the risk of preterm birth (indirect effect = -0.007, P < 0.001). Conclusions: For women living in the temperate regions, conception in summer and winter may increase the risk of preterm birth, and this association persisted in winter after adjusting for environmental factors. During the first 30 days of pregnancy, lower levels of humidity exposure in winter contributed to and mediated the relationship. The results may provide epidemiological evidence for pregnancy planning and care of women from the perspective of environmental factors.
Background Neutrophilic inflammation in the airway is a hallmark of bronchiectasis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of bronchiectasis. Neutrophil side fluorescence is one of the characteristics of neutrophils that can reflect the activation of neutrophils and the formation of NETs. Objective To explore the relationship between the values of neutrophil side fluorescence (NEUT-SFL) in the peripheral blood of bronchiectasis patients, and the severity of the disease. Methods 82 patients with bronchiectasis from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University and were scored with Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) (2019–2021). The clinical data such as the value of NEUT-SFL, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels were collected and retrospectively analyzed. NEUT-SFL values neutrophil count from 28 healthy subjects were also used to ascertain cut-off values. Results Based on the BSI scores, patients were divided into three categories as mild (32%), moderate (29%), and severe (39%). Our results showed that the values of NEUT-SFL were higher in bronchiectasis patients compared to healthy controls. The levels of NEUT-SFL positively correlated with the high BSI scores in patients (P = 0.037, r = 0.23) and negatively correlated with the lung function in these patients (r = − 0.35, P = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.813, the best cut-off was 42.145, indicating that NEUT-SFL values > 42.145 can potentially predict the severity of bronchiectasis. Conclusions The values of NEUT-SFL in the peripheral blood can be used for predicting the severity of bronchiectasis.
Background: Neutrophilic inflammation in the airway is a hallmark of bronchiectasis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of bronchiectasis. Neutrophil side fluorescence is one of the characteristics of neutrophils that can reflect the activation of neutrophils and the formation of NETs.Objective: To explore the relationship between the values of neutrophil side fluorescence (NEUT-SFL) in the peripheral blood of bronchiectasis patients, and the severity of the disease.Methods: 82 patients with bronchiectasis from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University and were scored with Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) (2019-2021). The clinical data such as the value of NEUT-SFL, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels were collected and retrospectively analyzed. NEUT-SFL values neutrophil count from 28 healthy subjects were also used to ascertain cut-off values. A single-sample SW test was used to test the normality for the data. The independent sample T-test was performed on the normal data, and Chi-square test and non-parametric test were used for non-normally distributed data and count data. The Pearson correlation analysis method was used for analyzing the correlation between each group of data.Results: Based on the BSI scores, patients were divided into three categories as mild (32%), moderate (29%), and severe (39%). Our results showed that the values of NEUT-SFL were higher in bronchiectasis patients compared to healthy controls. The levels of NEUT-SFL positively correlated with the high BSI scores in patients (P = 0.037, r = 0.23) and negatively correlated with the lung function in these patients (r = -0.35, P = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.813, the best cut-off was 42.145, indicating that NEUT-SFL values >42.145 can potentially predict the severity of bronchiectasis. Conclusions: The values of NEUT-SFL in the peripheral blood can be used for predicting the severity of bronchiectasis.
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