The development of strain sensors with both large strain range (>50%) and high gauge factor (>100) is a grand challenge. High sensitivity requires material to perform considerable structural deformation under tiny strain, whereas high stretchability demands structural connection or morphological integrity for materials upon large deformation, yet both features are hard to be achieved in one thin film. A new 0D–1D–2D ternary nanocomposite–based strain sensor is developed that possesses high sensitivity in broad working strain range (gauge factor 2392.9 at 62%), low hysteresis, good linearity, and long‐term durability. The skin‐mountable strain sensor, fabricated through one‐step screen‐printing process, is made of 1D silver nanowire offering high electrical conductivity, 2D graphene oxide offering brittle layered structure, and 0D fullerene offering lubricity. The fullerene constitutes a critical component that lowers the friction between graphene oxide–based layers and facilitates the sliding between adjacent layers without hurting the brittle nature of the nanocomposite film. When stretching, layer slippage induced by fullerene can accommodate partial applied stress and boost the strain, while cracks originating and propagating in the brittle nanocomposite film ensure large resistance change over the whole working strain range. Such high comprehensive performance renders the strain sensor applicable to full‐spectrum human motion detection.
Although lithium (Li)-ion batteries have achieved great success in commercialization for sustainable and clean energy applications including portable electronics, electric transportation, and grid-scale energy storage, existing battery systems of graphitebased anodes and transition metal oxide-based cathodes hardly meet the increasing requirements for higher energy and power densities. [1][2][3][4] Li metal has a high theoretical capacity Metallic lithium (Li) is a promising anode for next-generation high-energydensity batteries, but its applications are still hampered due to the limited charging/discharging rate and poor cycling performance. Here, a hierarchical 3D porous architecture is designed with a binary network of continuous silver nanowires assembled on an interconnected 3D graphene skeleton as the host for Li-metal composite anodes, which offers a significant boost in both charging/discharging rates and long-term cycling performance for Li-metal batteries. This unique hierarchical binary network structure in conjunction with optimized material combination provides ultrafast, continuous, and smooth electron transportation channel and non-nucleation barrier sites to direct and confine Li deposition. It also offers outstanding mechanical strength and toughness to support massive Li deposition and buffer the internal stress fluctuations during long-term repeated Li stripping/plating thereby minimizing fundamental issues of dendrite formation and volume change even under ultrafast charging/discharging rates. As a result, the composite anode using this hierarchical host can work smoothly at an unprecedented high current density of 40 mA cm -2 over 1000 plating/stripping cycles with low overpotential (<120 mV) in symmetric cells. The as-constructed full cell, paired with LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathode, also exhibits excellent rate capability and high-rate cycling stability.(3860 mAh g −1 ) and low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode) and is thus perceived as an ideal anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries-especially for Li-sulfur and Li-oxygen battery systems. [5][6][7][8] However, the use of a Li-metal anode in advanced battery systems for stable and ultrafast charging/discharging is severely restricted by safety and cyclability concerns caused by dendritic Li formation, infinite volume change, and instability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This has limited the practical use of Li-metal batteries for many decades. [9][10][11][12][13] Several strategies focused on constructing stable and uniform SEI layer on Li anode have been explored to tolerate the huge volume change and suppress the formation of dendritic Li. Examples include optimizing the electrolyte contents, modifying he Li anode surface, and developing artificial coatings on the anode surface. [10,[13][14][15][16] Despite the great success achieved on the rational design of SEI layer, the nature of Li dendrite formation arising from inhomogeneous Li-ion flux distribution on planar Li foil or copp...
Highlights
Various morphological structures in pressure sensors with the resulting advanced sensing
properties are reviewed comprehensively.
Relevant manufacturing techniques and intelligent applications of pressure sensors are
summarized in a complete and interesting way.
Future challenges and perspectives of flexible pressure sensors are critically discussed.
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