A B S T R A C TInfluenza viruses with multiple subtypes have highly virulent in humans, of which influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the major viral surface antigen. Simultaneous and automated detection of multiple influenza HA are of great importance for early-stage diagnosis and operator protection. Herein, a magnetism and size mediated microfluidic platform was developed for point-of-care detection of multiple influenza HA. With multiplex microvalves and computer program control, the detection process showed high automation which had a great potential for avoiding the high-risk virus exposure to the operator. Taking advantage of magnetism and size mediated multiple physical fields, multiple influenza HA could be simultaneous separation and detection depended on different-size magnetic beads. Using high-luminance quantum dots as reporter, this assay achieved high sensitivity with a detection limit of 3.4 ng/mL for H7N9 HA and 4.5 ng/mL for H9N2 HA, and showed excellent specificity, anti-interference ability and good reproducibility. These results indicate that this method may propose new avenues for early detection of multiple influenza subtypes.
Isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has showed a great clinical impact for tumor diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Despite significant progresses of the existing technologies, feasible and cost-effective CTC isolation techniques are more desirable. In this study, a novel method was developed for highly efficient isolation of CTCs from breast cancer patients based on biophysical properties using a pyramid-shaped microchamber. Through optimization tests, the outlet height of 6 μm and the flow rate of 200 μL/min were chosen as the optimal conditions. The capture efficiencies of more than 85% were achieved for cancer cell lines (SKBR3, BGC823, PC3, and H1975) spiked in DMEM and healthy blood samples without clogging issue. In clinic assay, the platform identified CTCs in 13 of 20 breast cancer patients (65%) with an average of 4.25 ± 4.96 CTCs/2 mL, whereas only one cell was recognized as CTC in 1 of 15 healthy blood samples. The statistical analyses results demonstrated that both CTC positive rate and CTC counts were positive correlated with TNM stage (p < 0.001; p = 0.02, respectively). This microfluidic platform successfully demonstrated the clinical feasibility of CTC isolation and would hold great potential of clinical application in predicting and monitoring the prognosis of cancer patients.
The
quantitative role of aftertreatment technologies in particulate
matter (PM)-induced toxicities remains unclear. This study reports
the efficacy of aftertreatment technologies on PM-related toxicity
as well as the chemical-specific contribution to PM-induced reactive
oxygen species (ROS) generation. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) contributed ∼68% of engine-out PM2.5-induced
ROS generation. Implementation of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)
in a diesel engine could mitigate ∼76.2% of PAHs content per
unit mass of PM2.5 and remove ∼28.1% of PM2.5-induced ROS generation. Furthermore, the addition of a diesel particulate
filter (DPF) could stepwise reduce ∼21.7% of the PAH content
and remove ∼52.2% of PM2.5-induced ROS generation.
Due to the lack of aftertreatment control devices, shipping-emitted
PM2.5 induced (7.4 ± 5.5)-fold higher ROS generation
than those emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles at equal mass concentrations
when burning the same diesel fuels, while the implementation of DOC
and DPF devices on marine diesel engines could reduce 89.6 ±
3.6% of PM emissions and further mitigate 97.9 ± 34.6% of PM-induced
ROS-adjusted emissions. These results suggest that the utilization
of oxidation technologies in marine diesel engines would be an effective
way to alleviate health burden risks.
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