Owing to the diverse growing habitats, ecophysiology might have a regulatory impact on characteristic chemical components of tea plant. This study aimed to explore natural variations in the ecophysiological traits within seasons and the corresponding multifaceted biochemical responses given by the gene pool of 22 tea cultivars. Leaf temperature and intercellular carbon concentration (Ci), which varies as a function of transpiration and net photosynthesis respectively, have significant impact on the biochemical traits of the leaf. Occurrence of H2O2, in leaves, was associated to Ci that in turn influenced the lipid peroxidation. With the increment of Ci, total phenolics, epicatechin gallate (ECG), reducing power, and radical scavenging activity is lowered but total catechin and non-gallylated catechin derivatives (e.g. epicatechin or EC, epigallocatechin or EGC) are elevated. Leaf temperature is concomitantly associated (p ≤ 0.01) with phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, tannin content, reducing power, iron chelation and free radical scavenging activities. Increased phenolic concentration in leaf cells, conceivably inhibit photosynthesis and moreover, gallic acid, thereafter conjugated to catechin derivatives. This study shed light on the fundamental information regarding ecophysiological impact on the quality determining biochemical characteristics of tea, which on further validation, might ascertain the genotype selection paradigm toward climate smart cultivation.
Antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability of tea polyphenols are considered as health benefit traits that mainly contributed by tea catechins. Therefore understanding of genetic and molecular basis of this secondary metabolite production is of prime interest to facilitate the crop improvement program in tea plant efficiently. Some QTLs for these quality traits have already been available. In present study, 10 QTL linked SSRs and 14 newly developed microRNA based SSRs have been characterized in two Darjeeling tea cultivars having contrast characters and their progeny clone TS569 for validating possible association with catechin contents and antioxidant activities. Individual catechins and radical scavenging activity have been estimated by high performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Some of the polymorphic loci are indicated to be co-varied with such biochemical physiognomies. Characterization of microRNA based SSRs polymorphism are being the first time report in tea and discussed as ideal choice for further genotypic studies in tea.
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