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In this paper a region-adaptive demosaicking algorithm with low computational complexity for single-sensor digital cameras is proposed. The proposed algorithm firstly divides the input image into two kinds of regions and then adopts different interpolation methods for each type. The proposed interpolation method makes full use of bilinear's fast execution speeds in the smooth region. And it directly extracts and recovers edge information with weighted values of multidirectional components in edge regions. Experimental results show that the proposed method has an outstanding performance not only in subjective visual quality but also in terms of composite peak signal to noise ratio (CPSNR).

A cloud-based big data sharing system utilizes a storage facility from a cloud service provider to share data with legitimate users. In contrast to traditional solutions, cloud provider stores the shared data in the large data centers outside the trust domain of the data owner, which may trigger the problem of data confidentiality. This paper proposes a secret sharing group key management protocol (SSGK) to protect the communication process and shared data from unauthorized access. Different from the prior works, a group key is used to encrypt the shared data and a secret sharing scheme is used to distribute the group key in SSGK. The extensive security and performance analyses indicate that our protocol highly minimizes the security and privacy risks of sharing data in cloud storage and saves about 12% of storage space.INDEX TERMS Big data, security and privacy, cloud storage, data sharing.

A series of ultraviolet (UV)-curable waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane dispersions (WHPUDs) have been successfully synthesized by modifying the hyperbranched polyester H10, which was prepared using pentaerythritol as a core molecule and dimethylolpropionic acid as monomers, with succinic anhydride, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA). The H10 was characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The properties of the WHPUDs with different content of succinic anhydride and TDI-HPA have been investigated by measuring the stability, the particle size, and the rheological behavior. The effects of the content of succinic anhydride and TDI-HPA were studied in terms of UV-curing rate, water resistance, and thermogravimetric behaviors of WHPUD coatings. The WHPUDs showed good appearance, particle size, viscosity, and storage stability. The WHPUD films showed superior photosensitivity and the percent conversion of C=C bonds reached about 80% when the radiation time was 50 s. Moreover, the UV-cured films had good water resistance and thermostability, which can benefit a waterborne polyurethane resin for waterborne coatings.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) is a natural herbal drug that has been widely used to treat many diseases. The antitumor effects of G. pentaphyllum were first described in the illustrated catalog of plants. Gypenosides are the major active components of G. pentaphyllum, and they have been widely reported to possess antitumor effects in prostate cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. However, research on the use of gypenoside in the treatment of bladder cancer has not been conducted. In this study, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms of gypenosides in the treatment of bladder cancer using network pharmacology and experimental validation. First, we used a network pharmacology–based method to identify both the effective components of gypenosides and the molecular mechanism underlying their antibladder cancer effects. The results were further confirmed by molecular docking, CCK8 and colony formation assays, and cell cycle and cell apoptosis analyses. Additionally, a mouse xenograft model of bladder cancer was used to investigate the antitumor effect of gypenosides in vivo. We identified 10 bioactive ingredients and 163 gene targets of gypenosides. Network exploration suggested that VEGFA, STAT3, and PI3KCA may be candidate agents for the antibladder cancer effect of gypenosides. In addition, analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway revealed that the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway may play a crucial role in the mechanism of action of gypenosides against bladder cancer. Molecular docking revealed that gypenosides combine well with PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. As expected, gypenosides displayed apoptosis-inducing properties in bladder cancer cells by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, gypenosides significantly ( P < 0.05 ) inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, gypenosides induced the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Tb 3 Al 5 O 12 (TAG) transparent ceramics were prepared by a reactive sintering method using presintering in a muffle furnace combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering. The dilatometric, differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric (DSC-TG) curves and optical quality were investigated. The microstructure evolution of the TAG ceramic samples was clarified. Two successive transformations were found to generate a TAG phase, as observed in the dilatometric and DSC-TG curves and XRD patterns of TAG ceramics sintered at different temperature. The changes in average grain size and densification suggest that a 1600°C presintering temperature is suitable for HIP. The optical transmittance of the obtained 0.4 wt% TEOS:TAG transparent ceramics, which were fabricated by a new two-step sintering of presintering at 1600°C in a muffle furnace followed by HIP at 1650°C, can reach above 80% in the visible (vis) and nearinfrared (NIR) regions. Its transmittance was very close to the theoretical limit.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that TAG transparent ceramics with ideal optical quality were obtained without vacuum sintering. K E Y W O R D S evolution of phase, HIP, optical transmittance, TAG, transparent ceramics China

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