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Cotton is an important cash crop which covers 35 million hectares of land. Major objectives of the study were to examine the role of determinants of cotton yield to asses' financial gain from Bt.cotton comparing with conventional Cotton. District Khairpur was selected for the present study where both Bt.cotton and conventional cotton varieties are grown primary data on Bt. cotton and conventional cotton was collected from the farmers through personal interviews with the help of specially designed questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Cobb-Douglas production function was used for yield analysis. Logit model was used to find the probability of Bt.cotton. Farmers growing Bt. cotton who had used seed rate (6-8) kg per acre were 46.66 percent, while 53.33 percent had used seed rate (9-10) kg per acre. Conventional cotton who had used seed rate (6-8) kg per acre was 66.66 percent while 33.33 percent had used seed rate (9-10) kg per acre. Total costs per acre in Bt.cotton sown were greater than the conventional Cotton activities, total costs incurred in the conventional cotton were far lower (about 26 percent lower) than Bt.cotton. On an average higher yield (40 mounds per acre) was obtained in Bt.cotton sown than conventional cotton yield (25 mounds per acre). Price gained per mounds was almost the same in two cotton activities. Higher profit was observed in Bt. cotton and very low profit was obtained in conventional cotton.