Cirrhotic patients without EV presented esophageal motor disorders and mixed acid and bile reflux was the main pattern; the cirrhosis itself was an important causative factor.
The physical phenomena associated with two-phase annular-mist flow in vertical pipes are considered. A new mechanistic model is developed to predict liquid entrainment, liquid film thickness, in situ velocities, and pressure drop. The model is compared to field data and found to be superior to the three commonly used empirical correlations.
Ionic liquid (IL)-stabilized non-spherical gold nanofluids have been synthesized by a one-step method in aqueous solution. The whole reaction proceeded in room temperature. In the presence of amino-functionalized ionic liquids, gold nanofluids with long-wave surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption (>600 nm) could be obtained by adopting tannic acid as the reductant. The specific SPR absorption was related to the non-spherical gold nanoparticles including gold triangle, decahedra, and icosahedra nanocrystals. All the nanocrystals were observed by transmission electron microscopy. It was deduced that the formation of non-spherical gold nanofluids was related to the hydroxyls in tannic acid while IL acted as the synthesis template.
Experiments were preformed to investigate the effects of micro-arc oxidation coating technology, nitrification technology and plasma spray technology on Ti6Al4V alloy. The morphologies on both exterior and section of the processed surfaces were analyzed. Characteristics of treated layers like thickness, hardness, roughness and friction coefficient were also studied and compared. The results show that these technologies can improve the surface hardness and friction coefficient by different degree, but also will destroy the smoothness.
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