Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the serum albumin levels in stable & hospitalized patients of COPD. Study Design: Comparative Cross Sectional Place and Duration of Study: This study was jointly carried out at of Pulmonology at Shaikh Zyed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Fatima Jinnah Institute of Chest Medicine Quetta and Liaquat University of medical and health sciences, Jamshoro from 1st January 2021 to December 2021. Methodology: A total of 180 cases of COPD were selected and divided into two groups; group A contained 95 cases of COPD as stable cases, and group B included 85 cases as hospitalized cases of COPD with the mentioned inclusion and exclusion criteria. The serum albumin level was estimated by the bromocresol green (BCG) method. The serum albumin level of less than 3.2 g/dl is considered hypoalbumienimia. The statistical data was analysed by SPSS version 22 by applying an independent student T test. Results: The mean serum albumin level in stable cases of COPD was 3.0 ± 0.41 g/dl while in hospitalized patients it was 2.6 ± 0.34 g/dl. The serum albumin level was statistically(P <0.001) declined in hospitalized patients of COPD as compared with stable cases of COPD. Conclusion:This study concluded that serum albumin level declined in the patients of COPD and the severity of COPD directly proportional with reduction of serum albumin level Keywords: COPD, Serum Albumin, Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory mediators
Objective: To compare the serum levels of iron in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) and normal healthy subjects. Subject and Methods: A total of 120 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of OSMF equally divided into two groups named group A and B. Patients satisfying the insertion norms and those who has oral sub mucous fibrosis and the control group who are willing to get participate and getting done their blood tests for other purpose were asked for additional iron serum test for our research purpose. The demographic and medical factors like gender, pain, age, and medical record was known and logged in proforma. Diagnosis was done on clinical basis and was categorized according to progress then blood sample was obtained. The data was examined using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Control group's descriptive (standard/healthy) statistics indicate the mean iron levels of iron 94.13 ug/dl, while standard deviations are 17.57ug/dl. On the 1st day, 2nd day and 3rd day serum levels are examined, which reveal the mean values of 28.02, 22.81 and 24.0 ug/dl, respectively. The findings indicate a greater average of iron (17.57) in the healthy group (group B), while considerably less mean of iron level (6.47) in patients who have OSMF (group A). Conclusion: The study concluded that OSMF have lower levels of the iron in the serum while higher levels in the healthy group. Keywords: Serum Iron Level, Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Estimation
Hypertension is one of the leading health hazards which increases cardiovascular mortality and morbidity all over the world. Hyperuricemia associated with hypertension can cause the development of gout, especially in the female gender. Different antihypertensive drugs have different effects on serum uric acid levels. Aims & Objective: To compare the effects of beta blockers (metoprolol) and calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) on serum uric acid level I the patients of hypertension. Methodology: This study was conducted at the Medical OPD of Bhittai Dental & Medical College Mirpurkhas from July 2021 to December 2021. A total of 100 hypertensive patients were selected under inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups with equal numbers of patients. Group A patients used beta blockers (metoprolol) and group B patients used calcium channel blockers (amlodipine) for the treatment of hypertension for three months' duration. Serum uric acid was measured by the PAP uricase method before the start of treatment and after completion of the treatment research phase. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22. Results: The mean serum uric acid level of male patients in group A was 7.4± 0.4 mg/dl and that of female patients in group A was 6.2± 0.1 mg/dl before the start of research. After three months of complete treatment phase, the mean serum uric acid level of male patients in group A was 7.1± 0.35 mg/dl and that of female patients in group A was 6.0 ± 0.31 mg/dl. The mean serum uric acid level of male patients in group B was 7.2± 0.38 mg/dl and that of female patients in group B was 6.1± 0.28 mg/dl before the start of research. After three months of the complete treatment phase, the mean serum uric acid level of male patients in group B was 7.0± 0.22 mg/dl and that of female patients in group B was 5.91± 0.27 mg/dl. There was no significant change in serum uric acid observed in either group under study. Conclusion: This study concluded that metoprolol (beta blocker) or amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) have no significant effect on serum uric acid levels in hypertensive patients. Keywords: Hypertension. Serum Uric Acid , Beta blockers, Calcium Channel blockers,
Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the serious and life perilous complications of diabetes mellitus. Prolong duration of diabetes, no proper care and management, poor glycemic control in diabetic nephropathy can lead to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Objective: To assess the relation of serum uric acid & micro albuminuria in the patients of diabetes mellitus for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, LUMHS Jamshoro, with a total of 80 diabetic patients as case study subjects and 80 non-diabetic healthy participants as controls. Random glucose was measured using the gluco oxidase technique, and serum uric acid was measured using the uricase enzyme method in a calorimeter. Immunoterbidimetory kit technique was used to calculate microalbuminuria. Results: The mean value of random blood sugar (RBS) in the control group was 135 ± 10.11 mg/dl, but RBS in the case study group was 224 ± 13.52 mg/dl, indicating that RBS in the case study group was extremely significant (P < 0.001). The mean serum uric acid level in the control group was 4.7 ± 0.6 mg/dl, while it was 6.6 ± 1.4 mg/dl in the case study group, which is highly significant (P <0.001) with correlation (r= 0.34). Albumin in urine in the control group was 10 .2 ± 1.78 mg/gm, while it was 54± 10.34mg/gm in the case study group, which is a significant (P< 0.05) increase in the case study group with correlation (r= 0.28). In diabetics, serum uric acid and microalbuminuria show a positive connection. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is strong positive relation of serum uric acid and micro albuminuria in diabetic patients for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy.
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