T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment with the primary goal of measuring the neutrino mixing angle θ 13 . It uses a muon neutrino beam, produced at the J-PARC accelerator facility in Tokai, sent through a near detector complex on its way to the far detector, Super-Kamiokande. Appearance of electron neutrinos at the far detector due to oscillation is used to measure the value of θ 13 .

We report a measurement of muon-neutrino disappearance in the T2K experiment. The 295-km muon-neutrino beam from Tokai to Kamioka is the first implementation of the off-axis technique in a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. With data corresponding to 1.43×10 20 protons on target, we observe 31 fully-contained single µ-like ring events in Super-Kamiokande, compared with an expectation of 104 ± 14 (syst) events without neutrino oscillations. The best-fit point for two-flavor νµ → ντ oscillations is sin 2 (2θ23) = 0.98 and |∆m 2 32 | = 2.65 × 10 −3 eV 2 . The boundary of the 90% confidence region includes the points (sin 2 (2θ23), |∆m 2 32 |) = (1.0, 3.1×10 −3 eV 2 ), (0.84, 2.65×10 −3 eV 2 ) and (1.0, 2.2×10 −3 eV 2 ).

Purpose-To assess the feasibility of luminal water imaging (LWI), a quantitative T 2 -based MRI technique, for the detection and grading of prostatic cancer (PCa).Material and Methods-18 patients with biopsy proven PCa provided informed consent to be included in this institutional human ethics board approved prospective study between January 2015, and January 2016. Patients underwent 3T MRI shortly before radical prostatectomy. T 2 distributions were generated with regularized Non-Negative Least Squares (NNLS)algorithm from multi-echo spin echo MRI data. From T 2 distributions, maps of seven MR parameters: N comp , T 2-short , T 2-long , geometric mean T 2 (gmT 2 ), Luminal Water Fraction (LWF), A short , and A long were generated and compared with digitized images of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained whole-mount histology sections. Paired-t-test determined significant differences between MR parameters in malignant and non-malignant tissue. Correlation with Gleason score (GS) was evaluated with Spearman's rank correlation test. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using logistic generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMMs) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results-The average values of four MR parameters: gmT 2 , A short , A long , and LWF were significantly different between malignant and non-malignant tissue. All MR parameters except for T 2-long showed significant correlation (P<0.05) with GS in peripheral zone (PZ). The highest correlation with GS was obtained for LWF (−0.78 ± 0.11, p < 0.001

Precise measurement of neutrino beam direction and intensity was achieved based on a new concept with modularized neutrino detectors. INGRID (Interactive Neutrino GRID) is an on-axis near detector for the T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. INGRID consists of 16 identical modules arranged in horizontal and vertical arrays around the beam center. The module has a sandwich structure of iron target plates and scintillator trackers. INGRID directly monitors the muon neutrino beam profile center and intensity using the number of observed neutrino events in each module. The neutrino beam direction is measured with accuracy better than 0.4 mrad from the measured profile center. The normalized event rate is measured with 4% precision

Purpose-To determine the relationship between parameters measured from luminal water imaging (LWI), a new MRI T 2 mapping technique, and the corresponding tissue composition in prostate.Material and Methods-17 patients with prostate cancer were examined with a 3D multi-echo spin echo sequence at 3T prior to undergoing radical prostatectomy. Maps of seven MR parameters, called N, T 2-short , T 2-long , A short , A long , geometric mean T 2 time (gmT 2 ), and luminal water fraction (LWF), were generated using non-negative least squares (NNLS) analysis of the T 2 decay curves. MR parametric maps were correlated to digitized whole-mount histology sections. Percentage area of tissue components, including luminal space, nuclei, and cytoplasm plus stroma, was measured on the histology sections by using color-based image segmentation. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between MR parameters and the corresponding tissue components, with particular attention paid to the correlation between LWF and percentage area of luminal space.Results-N, T 2-short , A long , gmT 2 , and LWF showed significant correlation (P<0.05) with percentage area of luminal space and stroma plus cytoplasm. T 2-short , and gmT 2 also showed significant correlation (P<0.05) with percentage area of nuclei. Overall, the strongest correlation was observed between LWF and luminal space (Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation=0.75, p < 0.001).