such that icosahedral nano-clusters occur in fcc crystal. At the same time, the transformation of a cuboctahedron to a regular icosahedron induces strong distortion fields in the crystal. Using the diffraction data, we could establish that such fields are able to cause the x-ray interbranch resonance [2], observed as the fine structure effect. Assuming elastic distortions, we calculate the resonance splitting of rocking curve, which equals to inverse length of the x-ray interbranch extinction and is in line with the experimental results. The approach presented in the work can be also useful for high-energy electrons. As was reported [3], the similar fine structure of Bragg's peak appears in the case of electron diffraction with strained nano-clusters. [1] Chmelevskaya V.S., et. al., Russian Surface, 1998, N6, 95. [2] Shevchenko M.B., Acta Cryst., 2003, A59, 481. [3] Reinhard D., et. al., Phys. Rev. B, 1997, 55, 7868. Study of electron density in crystals is of great interest for understanding a host of their useful properties. We present the new approach for simulation of atomic electron density. The particular standing waves previously predicted for low energy electrons [1], are applied for it. It should be noted, atomic size effects influence position of the nodes of these waves such that the nodes coincide with the atomic planes in the case of 's' scattering. Moreover, formation of such waves leads to minima of intensity of the non-specular reflex. This dynamical effect is similar to multi-beam ones, which happens in the cases of x-ray and high energy electron diffraction [2,3]. In this work, we propose the special scheme for four-beam x-ray Bragg's diffraction, which provides for excitation of the particular standing wavefields. Assuming spherically symmetric model of atomic electron density, it is shown that the sharp changes of intensity of reflected asymmetrically wave, are caused by small varying radius of electron shell. Thus, the particular x-ray standing waves are helpful tool for accurate determination of atomic electron density, whereas the ordinary x-ray standing states are effective for precious determination of interplanar spacing. The particular standing wave effect can be also used to study multilayers and superlattices. In doing so, it is possible to obtain the detailed information about their chemical composition by registering the x-ray diffracted intensity only. At defined external parameters of the influences (temperature gradient (TG), acoustic vibrations) and for reflecting atomic planes(1011) of the quartz, the X-ray complete pumping process occurs from transmission to the diffraction direction [1]. In work [2] it is also shown that the change of the crystal-medium heat exchange the complete pumping conditions is varying. For prove the obtained experimental results, the heat conductivity equation with boundary conditions of the experiment was solved. The obtained temperature field in the crystal gives picture about distortion field inside the crystal. Afterward the Takagi equations were...

After a single procedure of circumferential ablation with PVI and noninducibility, 82% patients did not have recurrence of AF. The inducibility of AF was related to the recurrence of AF. The atrial substrate affected the outcome of the inducibility.

Atrial substrate remodeling with a progressive decrease in the left atrial voltage was demonstrated in patients with recurrent AF.

Ablation of continuous CFEs after PVI and LA linear ablation had a better long-term efficacy based on the results of single-ablation procedure.

Stretch is an important factor in the electrical activity of the pulmonary vein. Stretch-induced arrhythmogenic activity of the pulmonary vein may contribute to the genesis of atrial fibrillation.

No abstract

The right atrial foci played an important role in the very late recurrence of AF, whereas the left atrial foci (the majority were PVs) were the major origin of the late recurrence of AF after the catheter ablation of paroxysmal AF.

The LA voltage was lower than the RA, and the atrial voltage correlated with the TAT. Electroanatomical remodeling of the atria could be crucial to the maintenance of AF. The LA substrate properties may play an important role in the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation of AF.