Bone is a complex, rigid, highly organized, and specialized connective tissue. Massive bone bleeding and bony defects above a critical size are challenging problems to orthopedic surgeons.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are widely studied to enhance corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Mg alloys, which are promising bone implants. However, the influence of LDH coating on the osteointegration of Mg implants lacks of a systematic study. In this work, Mg-Al LDH coating was prepared on pure Mg via hydrothermal treatment. The as-prepared Mg-Al LDH coated Mg exhibited better
in vitro
and
in vivo
corrosion resistance than bare Mg and Mg(OH)
2
coated Mg.
In vitro
culture of mouse osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) suggested that Mg-Al LDH coated Mg was more favorable for its osteogenic differentiation.
In vitro
culture of HUVECs revealed that cells cultured in the extract of Mg-Al LDH coated Mg showed superior angiogenic behaviors. More importantly, the immune response of Mg-Al LDH coated Mg was studied by
in vitro
culturing murine-derived macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). The results verified that Mg-Al LDH coated Mg could induce macrophage polarize to M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory). Furthermore, the secreted factor in the macrophage-conditioned culture medium of Mg-Al LDH group was more suitable for the bone differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) and the angiogenic behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Finally, the result of femoral implantation suggested that Mg-Al LDH coated Mg exhibited better osteointegration than bare Mg and Mg(OH)
2
coated Mg. With favorable
in vitro
and
in vivo
performances, Mg-Al LDH is promising as protective coating on Mg for orthopedic applications.
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