The holistic eternal healing science has achieved worldwide recognition because of remarkable efficiency in curing chronic and degenerative diseases with a few side effects. Bhasmas are Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation prepared from herbs, minerals and metals by calcinations process. Nano particles natures of bhasma make them unique and are wildly recommended to treat chronic diseases in most efficient ways. Nano particulate nature and chemical characterization of bhasma can be estimated by using analytical instruments like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM). In this review an attempt is made to gather the physical chemical and biological evaluation methods for bhasma and to develop a systematic approach for the quality control parameters of bhasma and thus make them more appreciable by the world.
A small series of nitro group-bearing enamides was designed, synthesized (NEA1–NEA5), and evaluated for their inhibitory profiles of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (β-secretase, BACE1). Compounds NEA3 and NEA1 exhibited a more potent MAO-B inhibition (IC50 value = 0.0092 and 0.016 µM, respectively) than the standards (IC50 value = 0.11 and 0.14 µM, respectively, for lazabemide and pargyline). Moreover, NEA3 and NEA1 showed greater selectivity index (SI) values toward MAO-B over MAO-A (SI of >1652.2 and >2500.0, respectively). The inhibition and kinetics studies suggested that NEA3 and NEA1 are reversible and competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 0.013 ± 0.005 and 0.0049 ± 0.0002 µM, respectively, for MAO-B. In addition, both NEA3 and NEA1 showed efficient BACE1 inhibitions with IC50 values of 8.02 ± 0.13 and 8.21 ± 0.03 µM better than the standard quercetin value (13.40 ± 0.04 µM). The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) method demonstrated that all the synthesized derivatives can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) successfully. Docking analyses were performed by employing an induced-fit docking approach in the GLIDE module of Schrodinger, and the results were in agreement with their in vitro inhibitory activities. The present study resulted in the discovery of potent dual inhibitors toward MAO-B and BACE1, and these lead compounds can be fruitfully explored for the generation of newer, clinically active agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
PPAR-γ regulates cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. They play these essential roles by functioning as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. The PPARs mainly are of three types α, β and γ. The PPAR-γ expressed in three forms γ1, γ2 and γ3 present in different tissues. When PPAR binds its ligand, transcription of target gene is increased or decreased. Tzds were able to induce cell differentiation and apoptosis or inhibit cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. However, widespread use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), the clinically used synthetic PPAR gamma agonists, has been limited by adverse effects. So in this review we are suggesting some new molecules other than thiazolidine diones which can act as potential anticancer agents, after explaining the mechanism of action of PPAR-γ agonists as anticancer agents especially thiazolidinediones
Abstract. The traditional systems of Medicines are considered as a safer therapy. This context urges the need of Characterization of traditional medicines for their worldwide acceptance and for the safer, efficacious use. Bhasma the traditional Herbo mineral Ayurvedic formulation prepared by bhasmikaran process. Shanka Bhasma is prepared from the shell of a marine organism is a well-known herbo mineral formulation used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. In the present study, shanka bhasma was prepared and its characterization was done by traditional methods and by modern analytical Parameters like IR, X-ray, EDAX TGA and atomic absorption methods. Its antiulcer effect was also evaluated by animal studies.
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