Adverse effects (AE) like vasovagal reactions (presyncope and syncope) have negative impact on old as well as new blood donors. Various methods have been suggested to prevent or attenuate AE in blood donors. This study assessed the effectiveness of prehydration with different fluids or applied muscle tension (AMT) during blood donation in preventing or attenuating AE. Consenting and eligible voluntary blood donors (n=448) were randomly allocated to Control (n=115), prehydration with 500 mL plain water (PW, n=97), prehydration with oral rehydration solution (ORS, n=71), prehydration with 400 mL fruit juice (FJ, n=74), or leg muscle tensing during blood removal (AMT, n=91) groups. Donors’ hemodynamic responses to blood donation were assessed by comparing blood pressures (systolic–SBP and diastolic–DBP) and heart rate (HR) recorded before blood removal to values midway during, and at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min after blood removal. Presyncope and syncope were defined by BP and HR changes. Subjective AE were also recorded. Overall, 35 donors (7.8%) suffered AE with highest rates in PW (13.4%) and ORS (11.3%) groups and lowest in Control (3.5%) although group differences were not significant (p>0.05, Chi square). Blood removal was associated with significant falls in SBP and DBP (mean falls by 6.63 and 3.35 mmHg, respectively; p<0.001) but an insignificant rise in HR (mean increase by 0.67 bpm, p>0.05). Hemodynamic responses showed significant differences between groups (p<0.001, repeated measures ANOVA). Therefore, role of the interventions in relation to AE in blood donors could not be established.
The medicine in present era is much advanced and evidence based. Ayurveda offers a unique opportunity to evolve a science of healthy, harmonious and long life. Its holistic approach to health and disease, involving body, mind and spirit, can provide a broader framework to understand research data emerging from reductionist biomedical Sciences. A fresh perspective on the scope of scientific research on the basic concepts of Ayurveda came from a decadal vision document highlighting the importance of Ayurvedic biology. In ancient system of healing all Ayurvedic drug formulation have an inbuilt safety profile but it is necessary to produce the evidence based documents for the safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic drugs. Therapeutic efficacy of any drug or formulation mainly depends on quality control of pharmaceutical processes.The branch -Rasashastra (Alchemy) is based on the uses of metals and minerals for the therapeutics. It refers various techniques for the purification and detoxification of metallic or mineral ingredients, ie., -Purification, Marana, Amratikaran, Jarana, etc. A great debate is emerging time to time that the Rasa drugs are not safe. They are toxic. The facts speak that the toxicity and adverse effect of Rasa drugs occurs due to avoiding or the negligence of classical references of safety and efficacy, as mentioned in Ayurveda. Modern pharmaceutical science gives stress to the application of SOP (Standard Operating Practice) in the drug manufacturing.Furthermore, Ayurveda refers "A wise physician may use the poisonous material like nectar but with following the directions, which are time tested and safe." The ancient sages advocates and emphasize to following the proper classical drug manufacturing methodology, which starts from the authentication to the finished product. It may be given name SOP (Standard Operating Practice). Moreover, the ancestors refers that like the minerals and metals the medicinal plants which posses the poisonous property should also be detoxified first. Strychnos Nux-vomica contains the poisonous substances which may harm to body. , But, Ayurveda refers its therapeutic uses at various places. For the use of Strychnos Nux-vomica it is clearly mentioned in Ayurveda that this drug should be purified and detoxified first. Present paper is an attempt to explore the Ayurveda principles of Standard Operational Practice wsr to the Strychnos Nux-vomica, supported by the current studies and scientific evidences. The outcome of paper may open the path for the drug standardization, safety, efficacy and quality control.
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