The purpose of this study aims to propose a conceptual model to investigate soft TQM practices and their relationships with customer orientation and business performance. From the literatures, we investigated the TQM practices, customer orientation in organisations and their relationships with business performance. With that, a model with relationships of TQM, customer orientation and business performance is proposed in a triangular relationship. We opine that this paper presents a strong argument for suggesting a model to enhance customer orientation and business performance through TQM practices. This study endeavours to reduce the gap in the existing literatures which may assist firms to evaluate the importance of soft TQM and customer orientation in fostering better business practices and enhancing performance of an organisation.
This study constructs a conceptual framework to examine the links between organisational culture factors and job-related outcomes. Based on the comprehensive review of the existing literatures, there are six dimensions of organisational culture factors and three basic components of job-related outcomes. This paper explores how to enhance job-related outcomes through adopting organisational culture factors that can facilitate their employees' job-related outcome practices which help the top management to meet their employees' expectations. The conceptual model can furnish a platform for the practitioners to perform their organisational culture practices more effectively throughout the organisation.
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