With the assistance of anion surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS), spindle-shaped nanostructured lithium iron phosphate (S-LFP) was synthesized in glycol-water media via a novel refluxing method under N2 atmosphere. FeSO4, (NH4)2HPO4 and LiOH were used as Fe, P and Li sources, respectively. The crystal phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and spindle-shaped nanostructure were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed that the purity of the product was greatly influenced by the volume ratio of glycol to water. With the increase of the ratio, the crystal phases tended to pure LFP. On the other hand, with the increase of SDS amount, the particles tended to uniform and spindle-shaped morphology.
The ordered lamellar nanostructured zirconias were prepared via atmospheric reflux and hydrothermal hybrid method in ethanol-water system by using zirconium oxychloride as zirconium source and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) as template agent, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the ordered lamellar nanostructured zirconias were composed of tetragonal phase for 110 and 125°C and tetragonal/monoclinic phase for 140 and 155°C. As the hydrothermal temperature raised, the monoclinic phase began to appear, and the crystallization is promoted, but the ordered lamellar nanostructure was shrinking prior to expanding in size, ranged from 1.33 to 1.55 nm, and tended to decrease in amount gradually. For the sample prepared at 110°C, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) pattern demonstrated that the inorganic phase is tetragonal zirconia and there remain small amount of template SDS. And the calcined lamellar nanostructure with a 1.2 nm periodicity was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This indicates the lamellar structure shrunk from 1.51 to 1.2 nm and was preserved after calcination at 500°C, showing good thermal stability.
The natural vegetable dye grape seed extract (GSE) was applied on the direct dyeing of lyocell knitted fabric. By changing the dyeing condition, the modified process was derived after evaluating various fastnesses of the dyed fabric. The direct dyeing method should be under the condition of GSE’s concentration 5g/L, bath preparation temperature 80°C, pH value 3, bath ratio 1:30, dyeing time 60min. The color is very sensitive to pH and GSE’s concentration. The rubbing fastness, washing fastness and light fastness is good, the acid perspiration fastness is better than the alkaline perspiration fastness.
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