Global small bowel motility in CIPO patients is significantly lower than controls and response to the pro-kinetic agent neostigmine may differ according to disease phenotype. Software-quantified bowel motility using cine MRI has potential as a future tool to investigate enteric dysmotility.

Gastrointestinal involvement (GI) is increasingly recognized as a major cause of both morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). GI complications are common, second only to skin involvement, and affect up to 90% of patients. Although treatment modalities have changed little for upper gut symptoms such as GI reflux, there are emerging treatment modalities for the common lower gut symptoms (constipation and fecal incontinence), which will be reviewed. The important link between reflux and interstitial lung disease in SSc is also addressed. The aim of this review is to help the clinician understand and manage GI symptoms in SSc.

This study showed that SNS failed to reduce episodes of leakage in nine out of 10 patients with systemic sclerosis affected with incontinence.

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) has been associated with reduced incidence and mortality from CRC. The NHS in UK is introducing FS screening for all men and women at 55 years of age following a multicentre randomised controlled trial which found that FS was a safe and practical test which, when offered only once conferred a substantial and lasting benefit. Quality in performance of FS will be important for success within the screening programme. One aspect of quality of FS performance is the depth of insertion. The definition of an adequately inserted screening FS is subjective and not currently defined. However, in clinical practice, one should examine as much of the distal colon as possible, recognising that it can be difficult to precisely define the furthest extent. It is expected that the rectum and sigmoid colon should be inspected completely and the descending and more proximal colon can often also be visualised. By taking the analogue of colonoscopy one could expect the "decending colon intubation rate" to be at least 90%. In addition, the preparation should be such that the endoscopist is confident that lesions other than small polyps (5 mm or smaller) are not obscured. If adequate insertion is not achieved or the sigmoid colon is not adequately prepared, the procedure may have to be repeated increasing the burden on an already overstretched endoscopy service. Methods To assess the completion rate (depth of insertion in FS) defined as examination up to at least the decending colon and reasons for incompletion. A single centre, retrospective study in a district general hospital endoscopy unit in London of consecutive FS over a 2-month period in 2011. The FS reports were scrutinised for depth of insertion and if splenic/decending colon was not reached the reason for this. Results Within the study period, the splenic flexure was reached in 40% (58 of a 148), and the decending colon in 66% (94 of 148). The reasons stated for not reaching the decending colon/splenic flexure include: inadequate bowel prep (26/148), pathology encountered (16/148), patient discomfort (4/148), planned limited procedure (7/148). In 87/148 no reason for not reaching the splenic flexure/ decending was documented. Conclusion In this study, in the majority of patients undergoing FS the splenic flexure in not reached. Only 66% of patients have the rectum and sigmoid colon assessed during planned FS. The reasons for failure of examination to decending colon is not documented in the majority, and this may be because clear guidelines on "decending colon intubation rates" are not available. In order to implement FS as screening for CRC we recommend development of clear quality standard including one of depth of intubation (or "decending colon intubation rate") as is currently available for colonoscopy.