Background Cryptorchidism, undescended testes, is a pathological condition that is due to failure of descent of testes in the scrotum. This study was aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in localization of undescended testes taking laparoscopic findings as the gold standard. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the radiology department of a tertiary care hospital from September 27, 2018 to September 26, 2019. A total of 416 patients were included. Abdomen-pelvic and scrotal ultrasound were performed. Preoperative abdominal and pelvic DW-MRI was performed with a 1.5-T MRI system using a body coil. All study patients underwent laparoscopic exploration. Intra-abdominal atrophic testes were treated with laparoscopic orchiectomy and orchiectomy samples were taken for histopathologic examination. DW-MRI findings were correlated with laparoscopic findings. A 2 x 2 table was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of DW-MRI taking laparoscopy as the gold standard. Results The mean age was 17.08 ± 7.99 years and the mean BMI was 19.36 ± 4.96 kg/m 2 . In our study, 34.1% of cases were diagnosed as undescended testes localized by DWI-MRI and 51% of cases were diagnosed as undescended testes localized via laparoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 65.1%, 98%, 97.2%, 73% and 81.3% respectively. Conclusion DW-MRI improves the detection of undescended testes. DW-MRI can be a recommended imaging tool to increase the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of MRI in localizing nonpalpable undescended testes.
Aim: To envisage the visibility of round window nichein pediatric cochlear implantation by using computed tomography. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st July 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Fifty five patients underwent the procedure of unilateral-cochlear implantation. Slices of round window niche and round window membrane were selected for visualization through HRCT imaging. The temporal bone imaging through high resolution computed tomography scans; before and after the operation were examined in detailed and scored. Each round window membrane and round window niche was then visualized for its visibility. The sensitivity as well as specificity of high resolution computed tomography imaging in prediction of round window membrane visuality were calculated. Results: The comparison of predictive values showed that the positive-predictive value of RWM was 73.1% and negative as 91.2%. The sensitivity as well as the specificity of HRCT identification in prediction difficulty in visualizing RWM was 79% and 87% respectively. Conclusion: Pre-operative high resolution computed tomography was proved helpful in visualization of detecting round window niche. Key words: CT scan; Cochlear implantation; Round window niche; Pediatrician
Aim: To investigate image quality of respiratory triggered 3D MRCP with compressed parallel and sensing imaging in clinical setting. Study design: Cross-sectional study Duration and place of study: Study was conducted in the duration of1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021 at Department of Radiology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana. Methodology: Ninety patients with age between 40-70 years were enrolled. The patients got three various kinds of MRCP 3 dimensional as a protocol of their diagnosis plan. Four point scoring system was adapted for quality assessment. Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.9±8.6 years. There were almost similar number of males and females. Minimally invasive-intraductal papillarymucinous carcinoma was presented only in 2.22%. Comparison of three magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography techniques showed that signal quality, was better as longer time involved in 1st magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography case while blurring was also seen in breath holding magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Conclusion: Better imaging quality of ductal system is obtained through respiratory triggered 3D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography against breath hold. Keywords: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, 3D Imaging, Compressed Sensing, Parallel imaging
Aim: To analyze the effect of out of pocket cost on subsequent mammography screening. Study design: Retrospective observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat from 1st April 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred female patients having ages 40-65 years with health insurances were followed from their baseline mammography screening up to their 12-36 months screening was enrolled. The clinical recorded, adjusted clinical group and other related information were documents. Results: 69% supported by a low deductible health policy while 31% were supported with a high deductible health policy The Adjusted Clinical Group score showed 74% within 0.3 scoring. For baseline mammography a decreased by 3.4% up to 12-24 months time was noticed. Conclusion: Out pocket cost has a significant effect of decreasing patient’s number for subsequent mammography screening. Keywords: Breast carcinoma, Mammography, Screening
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) when detecting cerebral ischemic stroke. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Sandeman Provincial Hospital/ Bolan medical complex hospital Quetta, Quetta from March 2021 to March 2022 Methodology: Age and gender distribution of infarcts was done to find out the territory and location of the blood vessels involved. Overall, 52 individuals were involved in this research. Every patient was clinically suspected to have a cerebral ischemic stroke during the time span of our research. HDXT software with 1.5 Tesla 16 channel GE was used to perform the MRI scans. FLAIR axial, T1WI axial, T2WI axial and coronal, ADC maps, and gradient echo axial were the sequences used. SWI was optional. Results: The age group which was above 60 years included more percentage of males than females. It was seen that in the age group above 60 years, infarction was the most common and hypertension was the most common risk factor. Hemiplegia (Weakness) was seen to be the most common clinical presentation. It was seen that middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarcts had a slight rise on the right side. On the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), restricted diffusion was seen from subacute as well as acute infarcts along with a low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)valves. T2 FLAIR was normal in acute infarcts, but changes were reflected by DWI. Practical implication : Expanding the rationale for acute stroke thrombolysis may be more rationally accomplished by comprehending the clinical implications of numerous valuable MRI findings and thoroughly incorporating those factors into treatment decision-making. Conclusion: No radiation hazard is seen in MRI and it is non-invasive. The multiplanar imaging ability and grey-white resolution of the MRI perceive the subtle lesions. Infarcts are detected early due to the sensitivity of MRI to altered water content. Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, stroke, cerebral infarcts,
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