In this study, the concentrations of the physical properties such as the acidity number (pH), temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) and, the chemical properties such as calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), nitrates (NO3-), sulfates (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), phosphates (PO43-), fluoride (F-), and chloride (Cl-) in the groundwater in selected areas in Al-Dhalia district, Al-Dhalia, governorate were determined by collecting water samples from 16 wells and thereafter the samples were analyzed, in the laboratory of the water resources authority in Aden, according to the recommended methods mentioned in the literature. The analysis results showed that most of the well water is not suitable for drinking due to their contents of some chemical and physical properties were exceeded the maximum permissible limit for WHO (1997) and Yemen ministry of water and environment (YMWE,1999).
The objective of the present study is to investigate risk assessment and geochemical forms of Pb, Mn, Zn and Cu in Aden Coasts sediments as well as the content of sediment texture, organic carbon, and carbonates. Sequential extraction technique was applied to estimate the metals in five different fractions; exchangeable, bound to carbonate, bound to oxides, bound to organic matter and residual. The results indicated that the metals bound to non-residual fraction (anthropogenic input) represent 72.8 % of the total extractable fractions for Pb, 79.7 % for Mn, 87.4 % for Zn, and 87.3 % for Cu. The five fractions of the metals in the present study could be arranged in the following sequence: Residual > Exchangeable > Oxide form > Organic form > Carbonate for Pb; Residual > Oxides form > Organic form > Carbonate > Exchangeable for Mn or Zn; Organic form > Residual > Oxide form > Carbonate > Exchangeable for Cu. The risk assessment of the metals showed medium risk for Pb at all sampling sites except Sira zone which revealed very high risk to aquatic environment. Fractionation pattern of Zn and Cu showed low risk, while Mn showed low (most sites) to medium risk (Sira and Caltex) to aquatic environment. In general, the risk assessment of the metals in the study area decreased as follows: Pb >Mn>Zn> Cu.
Air pollution from pollutant emissions has become a threat to the biological system and human health. The concentration levels and sources of heavy metals contamination were studied in deposited dust samples collected from various locations, including five different activity areas: industrial, highways, residential, mixed use and a remote area from contaminants in Aden, Yemen. Metal content of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn and Fe in dust was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed high concentration levels of Cd and Pb in industrial and residential areas. Deposited dust contamination was assessed by various methods: Enrichment factor (EF), Contamination factor (CF), Degree of contamination (DC) and potential ecological index (RI). The enrichment factor indicated extremely high enrichment of Cd, Pb and Zn. High EF of Cd, Pb and Zn showed that anthropogenic sources contribute a substantial amount of these metals to dust deposited. Contamination factor analysis showed that dust samples are significantly contaminated by Cd and Pb. Individual ecological risk (Er) indicated low to high contamination of Cd, but low contamination of Pb, Cr, Cu, Co and Zn. The degree of contamination (DC) and Potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated that most of the study areas demonstrated “Moderate to considerable category” risk index. The result suggest mixed origin of pollution sources; including Man-made sources, traffic sources, and lithogenic occurrences of the metals from construction sources and road construction currently in some of the sites studied.
In this research, the level of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in groundwater in selected areas in the region of Al-Dhalia district, Al-Dhalia Governorate, Yemen. Sixteen groundwater samples were collected from the study area included 9 artesian wells samples and 7 of hand-dug wells, and analyzed for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the analysis showed that the concentrations of Pb, Mn and Cu in most of the studied samples have exceeded the Yemeni and WHO standards for drinking water, while the concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cr and Zn in most of the studied samples were low and fall within the optimum specifications for local and WHO drinking water.
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