To examine whether the concomitant administration of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) during combination chemotherapy to young women with lymphoma may facilitate preservation of gonadal function, a prospective clinical protocol was undertaken in 18 cycling women with lymphoma, aged 15-40 years. Thirteen patients suffered from Hodgkin disease (HD) and 5 from non-Hodgkin lymphoma. After informed consent a monthly injection of depot D-TRP6-GnRHa was administered for a maximum of 6 months starting prior to chemotherapy. Most of these patients (15/18) were treated with the MOPP/ABV(D) combination chemotherapy followed by mantle field irradiation in 10 patients. Hormonal profile [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol, testosterone, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, prolactin] was taken before the GnRHa/chemotherapy co-treatment, and monthly thereafter until resuming spontaneous ovulation and menses. This group of prospectively treated lymphoma patients was compared to a matched control group of 18 women (aged 17-40 years) who have been treated with chemotherapy, mostly MOPP/ABV (14/18), with (11) or without (7) mantle field radiotherapy. Fourteen had Hodgkin's and four non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Gonadal function was determined clinically, hormonally (LH, FSH, oestradiol, progesterone), and sonographically. Two of the patients in each group died from refractory disease. Of the remaining 16 patients, 15 (93.7%) resumed spontaneous ovulation and menses within 3-8 months of termination of the combined chemotherapy/GnRHa co-treatment. In contrast, only seven (39%) of the 18 similarly treated patients in the control group (chemotherapy without GnRHa) resumed ovarian cyclic activity (regular menses). The other 11 experienced premature ovarian failure (POF) (61%). Out preliminary data suggest a possible significant protective effect of GnRHa co-treatment with chemotherapy from irreversible ovarian damage (POF).
We analyzed interview and medical-record data of 12,205 non-diabetic, non-asthmatic women to evaluate the relation between coffee consumption and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Low birth weight and short gestation occurred more often among offspring of women who drank four or more cups of coffee a day and more often among the offspring of smokers. After controlling for smoking, other habits, demographic characteristics, and medical history by standardization and logistic regression, we found no relation between low birth weight or short gestation and heavy coffee consumption. Furthermore, there was no excess of malformations among coffee drinkers. These negative results suggest that coffee consumption has a minimal effect, if any, on the outcome of pregnancy.
Introduction Loss of the cell-cycle inhibitory protein p27 Kip1 is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. The decrease in the levels of this protein is the result of increased proteasome-dependent degradation, mediated and rate-limited by its specific ubiquitin ligase subunits S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2) and cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 1 (Cks1). Skp2 was recently found to be overexpressed in breast cancers, but the role of Cks1 in these cancers is unknown. The present study was undertaken to examine the role of Cks1 expression in breast cancer and its relation to p27 Kip1 and Skp2 expression and to tumor aggressiveness.
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