Rheum webbianum is one of the famous and popular medicinal plant found in Ladakh region. Rheum webbianum Royle is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Polygonaceae. It is commonly known as 'Himalayan Rhubarb' in English, 'Revandchini' in Hindi, 'Xu mi da huang' in Chinese, and 'Lachhu' or 'Chu-rtsa' in Ladakh. It is native to Asia-Temperate to Asia-Tropical, from China to India, Nepal and Pakistan. In India, it is found in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh. In Jammu and Kashmir, it is grown on open slopes and shrubberies. Due to overexploitation the Rheum webbianum has become endangered. so, it was conserved by the tissue culture and showed best results on different phyrohormones. The plant formation was observed on combination of BAP, TDZ, 2,4-D and IBA.
Most of the plants are essential due to their medicinal properties and have contributed to the origin and evolution of many traditional herbal therapies. Rheum is also one of the famous and known medicinal plants of Kashmir Himalaya. It ranges from an altitude of 1700-5500 m. Its Roots are long and stout. The stem is erect, hollow, sulcate, glabrous, or strigose. It is native to Asia-Temperate to Asia-Tropical, from China to India, Nepal, and Pakistan. In India, its found in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh. Rhubarb is the English name of the genus Rheum (family Polygonaceae). Emodi, Webbianum and Spiciforme are three species of Rheum found in Kashmir Himalaya. Rheum species are wellknown medicinal plant and is found on high altitudes. Its leaves and stalks are taken as food and cooked as vegetables. It's used as medicine and is generally proven more effective against certain ailments like antibacterial, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, rheumatoid diseases, stomachache, and intestinal problems. It is also used for the treatment of indigestion, abdominal disorders, boils, wounds and flatulence. But Rheum has become endangered due to exploitation. Active compounds like aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysaphanol and physicion are found in this plant which is anti Cancerian agents. High molecular diversity is also observed in all the three species of Rheum.
<p><em>Rheum</em> is a strong vigorous plant and can live long even in tough conditions. The <em>Rheum</em> species have been domesticated as medicinal plants for human consumption. <em>Rheum</em> species are perennial stout herbs. Rhubarb is a common English name of the genus <em>Rheum</em>. Rhubarb is a plant name for the many different species of <em>Rheum</em>, distributed in the temperate and sub tropical regions of Himalaya from Kashmir to Sikkim and growing wild in the mountains of the Western and North-western provinces of China and adjoining Tibetan territory. It is cultivated much in Europe and the United States. In Kashmir Himalaya, it ranges from an altitude of 1700 - 5500m. It is famous for its medicinal uses. Roots are long and stout. Stem is erect, hollow, sulcate, glabrous or strigose. It is native to Asia-Temperate to Asia – Tropical, from China to India, Nepal and Pakistan. In India, its found in Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh. In Jammu and Kashmir, it grows on open slopes and shrubberies in Kashmir, Leh and Zanaskar valley between 3000-5000 m, where <em>R.webbianum</em> is found. The <em>Rheum spiciforme</em> is also one of most known medicinal plant and is found on high altitudes of Gurez valley(3000m 5000m). <em>Rheum</em> also prefers a full sunny location and thrives in a moist, fertile soil. Most <em>Rheum</em> species can handle heavier clay soils better than many other herbs and makes a striking addition to the spring landscape. Rhubarb is propagated from seeds, seedlings, or pieces of rhizome. </p>
SummaryThe Rheum species (R. emodi, R. spiciforme, and R. webbianum) are endangered species and have vanished from lower altitudes. Meiotic studies of the three species show that the polyploidy is reported only in R. webbianum, as it depicts two cytotypes, i.e., diploid (2x) in population from Panzila Top and tetraploid (4x) from Parkhachik and Tangole, of which the diploid cytotype is reported for the first time in this species. Moreover, a diploid cytotype (2x) in R. spiciforme is reported for the first time in India. Further, meiotic course is abnormal in all the studied populations, as all show meiotic abnormalities in the form of cytomixis, chromatin stickiness, unoriented bivalents, chromatin bridges and laggards, leading to abnormal microsporogensis, ultimately affecting pollen viability. Ethnobotanical information depicts the use of different parts of all the Rheum species by local people to control many diseases like piles, constipation, skin eruptions, intestinal infection, wounds, joint pains and also used as food.
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