Body mass index does not have an effect on serum AMH levels in women of reproductive age. Obesity has no association with levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone. Obesity is unlikely to affect ovarian reserve in the premenopausal age group.

Purpose We assessed the utility of using anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), oligo/amenorrhea (OA), and hyperandrogenism (HA) for diagnosing PCOS, and compared their diagnostic accuracy with those of classical diagnostic systems. Methods A total of 606 females were admitted to a university hospital with menstrual irregularities or symptoms of hyperandrogenism were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fasting blood samples were collected. Pelvic and/or abdominal ultrasonography and clinical examination were performed. Patients were evaluated for the presence of PCOS according to conventional diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic performance of using serum AMH levels alone and in various combinations with the clinical features of PCOM, OA, and HA were investigated. Results For the diagnosis of PCOS, the combination of OA and/or HA with AMH showed 83 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity according to the Rotterdam criteria; 83 % sensitivity and 89 % specificity according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria; and 82 % sensitivity and 93.5 % specificity according to the Androgen Excess Society (AES) criteria. Conclusions The serum AMH level is a useful diagnostic marker for PCOS and is correlated with conventional diagnostic criteria. The combination of AMH level with OA and/ or HA markedly increased the clinical scope for PCOS diagnosis and can be introduced as a possible objective criterion for the diagnosis of this disease.

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Serum AMH measurement is very valuable in the diagnosis of PCOS women. The serum AMH level in women with hyperandrogenism or oligo-anovulation could indicate the diagnosis of PCOS when reliable ultrasonography data are not available or when typical clinical and laboratory findings are not available. The serum AMH level is a new and useful diagnostic tool in PCOS diagnosis.

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